Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology of Addictions, First Pavlov State Medical University, St Petersburg, Russia.
Department of Addictions, V. M. Bekhterev National Medical Research Center for Psychiatry and Neurology, St Petersburg, Russia.
HIV Med. 2019 Aug;20(7):450-455. doi: 10.1111/hiv.12741. Epub 2019 Apr 29.
In the late 1990s, when the current Russian opioid epidemic began, illicit opioids used in Russia consisted almost exclusively of heroin. The type of opioids used has evolved in the early 21st Century. The objective of this study was to describe the evolution of illicit opioid use among people living with HIV (PLWH) reporting recent opioid use in St Petersburg, Russia.
We examined baseline data from four research studies conducted in the period 2004-2015 that included PLWH who used opioids [Partnership to Reduce the Epidemic Via Engagement in Narcology Treatment (PREVENT; 2004-2005; n = 17), HIV Evolution in Russia-Mitigating Infection Transmission and Alcoholism in a Growing Epidemic (HERMITAGE; 2007-2010; n = 281), Linking Infectious and Narcology Care (LINC; 2013-2014; n = 119) and Russia Alcohol Research Collaboration on HIV/AIDS (Russia ARCH; 2012-2015; n = 121)] and reported recent use of heroin and other opioids.
Although these studies spanned more than a decade, the participants represented similar birth cohorts; the mean age was 24.5 years in 2004 and 33.3 years in 2014. The use of opioid types, however, evolved across cohorts, with the use of any illicit drug other than heroin increasing from 6% [95% confidence interval (CI) 000.2, 29%] in PREVENT (2004-2005) to 30% (95% CI 25, 36%) in HERMITAGE (2007-2010) to 70% (95% CI 61, 78%) in LINC (2013-2014) to 77% (95% CI 68, 84%) in ARCH (2012-2015). Any heroin use consistently decreased over the 10-year period in the cohorts, from 100% (95% CI 80, 100%) in 2004-2005 to 54% (95% CI 44, 63%) in 2012-2015.
Among PLWH who use opioids in St Petersburg, Russia, illicit use of opioids other than heroin appears to be more common than heroin use.
在 20 世纪 90 年代末,当前俄罗斯阿片类药物流行开始时,俄罗斯使用的非法阿片类药物几乎完全是海洛因。在 21 世纪初,使用的阿片类药物类型发生了演变。本研究的目的是描述在俄罗斯圣彼得堡报告最近使用阿片类药物的艾滋病毒感染者(PLWH)中,非法阿片类药物使用的演变。
我们检查了四项研究的基线数据,这些研究是在 2004-2015 年期间进行的,包括使用阿片类药物的 PLWH[通过参与纳洛酮治疗减少流行的伙伴关系(PREVENT;2004-2005 年;n=17)、俄罗斯艾滋病毒进化-减轻感染传播和酒精在不断增长的流行中的作用(HERMITAGE;2007-2010 年;n=281)、连接传染病和纳洛酮护理(LINC;2013-2014 年;n=119)和俄罗斯酒精研究合作关于艾滋病毒/艾滋病(俄罗斯 ARCH;2012-2015 年;n=121)],并报告了最近使用海洛因和其他阿片类药物的情况。
尽管这些研究跨越了十多年,但参与者代表了相似的出生队列;2004 年的平均年龄为 24.5 岁,2014 年为 33.3 岁。然而,阿片类药物类型的使用在队列中发生了演变,除海洛因以外的任何非法药物的使用从 PREVENT(2004-2005 年)的 6%[95%置信区间(CI)000.2,29%]增加到 HERMITAGE(2007-2010 年)的 30%(95%CI 25,36%),到 LINC(2013-2014 年)的 70%(95%CI 61,78%),再到 ARCH(2012-2015 年)的 77%(95%CI 68,84%)。在这 10 年期间,各队列中报告的任何海洛因使用量持续减少,从 2004-2005 年的 100%(95%CI 80,100%)降至 2012-2015 年的 54%(95%CI 44,63%)。
在俄罗斯圣彼得堡使用阿片类药物的 PLWH 中,除海洛因以外的非法阿片类药物的使用似乎比海洛因更常见。