Arsoniadis Gavriil G, Bogdanis Gregory C, Terzis Gerasimos, Toubekis Argyris G
Int J Sports Physiol Perform. 2020 Jan 1;15(1):105-112. doi: 10.1123/ijspp.2018-0897.
To examine the acute effect of dry-land strength training on physiological and biomechanical parameters in a subsequent swim training session.
Twelve male swimmers (age: 19.0 [2.2] y, peak oxygen uptake: 65.5 [11.4] mL·kg-1·min-1) performed a 5 × 200-m test with progressively increasing intensity. Blood lactate (BL) concentration was measured after each 200-m bout, and the speed corresponding to 4 mmol·L-1 (V4) was calculated. In the experimental (EXP) and control (CON) conditions, swimmers participated in a swim training session consisting of 1000-m warm-up, a bout of 10-second tethered swimming sprint, and 5 × 400 m at V4. In EXP condition, swimmers completed a dry-land strength training session (load: 85% of 1-repetition maximum) 15 minutes before the swimming session. In CON condition, swimmers performed the swimming session only. Oxygen uptake, BL concentration, arm-stroke rate, arm-stroke length, and arm-stroke efficiency were measured during the 5 × 400 m.
Force in the 10-second sprint was not different between conditions (P = .61), but fatigue index was higher in the EXP condition (P = .03). BL concentration was higher in EXP condition and showed large effect size at the fifth 400-m repetition compared with CON condition (6.4 [2.7] vs 4.6 [2.8] mmol·L-1, d = 0.63). During the 5 × 400 m, arm-stroke efficiency remained unchanged, arm-stroke length was decreased from the third repetition onward (P = .01), and arm-stroke rate showed a medium increment in EXP condition (d = 0.23).
Strength training completed 15 minutes before a swim training session caused moderate changes in biomechanical parameters and increased BL concentration during swimming. Despite these changes, swimmers were able to maintain force and submaximal speed during the endurance training session.
研究陆上力量训练对随后游泳训练课中生理和生物力学参数的急性影响。
12名男性游泳运动员（年龄：19.0[2.2]岁，最大摄氧量：65.5[11.4]mL·kg-1·min-1）进行了一次强度逐渐增加的5×200米测试。每游完200米后测量血乳酸（BL）浓度，并计算对应4mmol·L-1的速度（V4）。在实验（EXP）组和对照组（CON）中，游泳运动员参加了一次游泳训练课，包括1000米热身、一组10秒的系绳游泳冲刺以及以V4速度进行的5×400米训练。在EXP组中，游泳运动员在游泳训练课开始前15分钟完成一次陆上力量训练课（负荷：1次重复最大值的85%）。在CON组中，游泳运动员只进行游泳训练课。在5×400米训练过程中测量摄氧量、BL浓度、划臂频率、划臂长度和划臂效率。
两组在10秒冲刺中的力量无差异（P = 0.61），但EXP组的疲劳指数更高（P = 0.03）。EXP组的BL浓度更高，与CON组相比，在第5次400米重复时效应量较大（6.4[2.7]对4.6[2.8]mmol·L-1，d = 0.63）。在5×400米训练过程中，划臂效率保持不变，划臂长度从第3次重复开始下降（P = 0.01），EXP组的划臂频率有中度增加（d = 0.23）。
在游泳训练课开始前15分钟完成的力量训练导致生物力学参数出现适度变化，并在游泳过程中增加了BL浓度。尽管有这些变化，游泳运动员在耐力训练课中仍能保持力量和次最大速度。
