J Sport Rehabil. 2019 Oct 18;29(5):533-540. doi: 10.1123/jsr.2018-0247. Print 2020 Jul 1.
Previous research has analyzed how the sport influences sagittal spinal curvatures in young athletes and has found that spinal curves may be modified as a consequence of repeated movement patterns and postures of each discipline.
To analyze sagittal spinal alignment by equestrian discipline and its relation to training load, and to describe "sagittal integrative morphotype" in young riders.
Observational descriptive study.
Training room.
A total of 23 riders (aged 9-17 y)-13 dressage riders (3 males and 10 females) and 10 show jumping riders (5 males and 5 females)-participated voluntarily.
Mann-Whitney U test was applied to determine differences between riders' characteristics (gender, discipline, and training load) and spine variables.
According to normality ranges for spinal curves, females showed an increase for lumbar curvature in standing position. It was found that show jumping riders manifested an increment in thoracic and lumbar curves while standing and an increase in the thoracic curvature in slump sitting. Statistically significant differences were found when lumbar curvature, "sit and reach" distance, and lumbo-horizontal angle in flexion were analyzed by gender in "sit and reach" test. No statistical significant differences were found when spinal curves in each position were analyzed depending on the training load. With regard to "sagittal integrative morphotype," all riders presented a hyperkyphotic dorsal morphotype no matter what their discipline. As for the lumbar curve, dressage and show jumping riders presented a functional hyperkyphotic morphotype.
It is important to note that many riders presented a sagittal imbalance for the thoracic and lumbar curves. Therefore, as the sagittal spinal misalignments persist and worsen over time, exercise programs to prevent or rehabilitate these imbalances in young riders will be needed. The "sagittal integrative morphotype" assessment is an essential tool in order to identify the spinal misalignment.
既往研究分析了运动如何影响年轻运动员的矢状位脊柱曲度，并发现脊柱曲度可能因各专项的重复动作模式和姿势而发生改变。
分析骑术专项的矢状位脊柱排列情况及其与训练负荷的关系，并描述年轻骑手的“矢状位综合形态类型”。
观察性描述性研究。
训练室。
共有 23 名骑手（9-17 岁）——13 名盛装舞步骑手（3 名男性和 10 名女性）和 10 名场地障碍骑手（5 名男性和 5 名女性）自愿参加。
应用 Mann-Whitney U 检验确定骑手特征（性别、专项和训练负荷）与脊柱变量之间的差异。
根据脊柱曲度的正态范围，女性在站立位时腰椎曲度增加。发现场地障碍骑手在站立位时胸椎和腰椎曲度增加，在 slumped sitting 时胸椎曲度增加。在“sit and reach”测试中，按性别分析腰椎曲度、“sit and reach”距离和屈髋时的腰-水平角时，存在统计学显著差异。而根据训练负荷分析各体位的脊柱曲度时，未发现统计学显著差异。关于“矢状位综合形态类型”，无论专项如何，所有骑手均表现为胸椎后凸过度的背型。至于腰椎曲线，盛装舞步和场地障碍骑手表现为功能性胸椎后凸过度的形态。
需要注意的是，许多骑手的胸椎和腰椎曲线存在矢状位失衡。因此，随着时间的推移，这些矢状位脊柱失稳持续且恶化，将需要为年轻骑手制定预防或康复这些失衡的运动方案。“矢状位综合形态类型”评估是识别脊柱失稳的重要工具。
