Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam.
Tilburg University.
J Soc Psychol. 2020;160(1):105-116. doi: 10.1080/00224545.2019.1610348. Epub 2019 Apr 29.
Social outcomes can result both from people's own behavior (claim process) and from the behavior of others (grant process). Prior research compared the effect of these two processes on people's experience of inclusion and outperformance, using two virtual ball-toss games: claimball and cyberball. We extend this work by using the same games to assess reactions to a third social outcome, overinclusion. Participants obtained the majority of the ball-tosses (overinclusion) or almost no ball-tosses (ostracism) in claimball or cyberball. Results showed that (1) overinclusion was more satisfying than ostracism, (2) especially when granted by others and less so when claimed for oneself. These results advance knowledge about people's experience of social outcomes, depending on the processes leading to them.
社会结果既可以源自人们自身的行为（主张过程），也可以源自他人的行为（授予过程）。先前的研究使用两个虚拟的抛球游戏——Claimball 和 Cyberball，比较了这两个过程对人们的包容和超越体验的影响。我们通过使用相同的游戏来评估对第三种社会结果——过度包容的反应，扩展了这项工作。在 Claimball 或 Cyberball 中，参与者获得了大多数的抛球（过度包容）或几乎没有获得抛球（排斥）。结果表明：（1）过度包容比排斥更令人满意；（2）尤其是当它是由他人授予时，而当由自己主张时则不然。这些结果推进了关于社会结果的体验取决于导致这些结果的过程的知识。
