State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China.
Scientific Observation and Experimental Station of Pests in Xilin Gol Rangeland, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Xilinhot, 026000, People's Republic of China.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2019 Jun;26(17):17797-17808. doi: 10.1007/s11356-019-05158-2. Epub 2019 Apr 29.
Efficacy of Metarhizium anisopliae strain (IMI330189) and Mad1 protein alone or in combination by feeding method to overcome immune-related enzymes and Toll-like pathway genes was investigated in migratory locust. M. anisopliae (IMI330189) is a potent and entomopathogenic fungal strain could be effectively used against insect pests. Similarly, Mad1 protein adheres to insect cuticle, causing virulence to insects. We confirmed maximum 55% of mortality when M. anisopliae (IMI330189) and Mad1 was applied in combination. Similarly, increased PO activity was observed in locust with combined dose of Mad1 + IMI330189 whereas PO, POD, and SOD activities reduced using Mad1 independently. Four Toll-like signaling pathway genes (MyD88, Cactus, Pelle, and CaN) were investigated from midgut and body of the migratory locust after 72 h of treatments. Subsequently, the expression of MyD88 in the midgut and body significantly decreased with the application of Mad1 and Mad1 + IMI330189. Performance of these treatments was absolutely non-consistent in both parts of insects. Meanwhile, IMI330189 significantly raised the expression of Cactus in both midgut and body. However, the combined treatment (Mad1 + IMI330189) significantly reduced the Cactus expression in both body parts. Pelle expression was significantly increased in the midgut with the application of independent treatment of Mad1 and IMI330189 whereas the combined treatment (Mad1 + IMI330189) suppressed the Pelle expression in midgut. Its expression level was absolutely higher in body with the application of IMI330189 and Mad1 + IMI330189 only. On the other hand, Mad1 significantly increased the expression of CaN in midgut. However, all three treatments significantly affected and suppressed the expression of CaN gene in body of locust. This shows that the applications of M. anisopliae and Mad1 protein significantly affected Toll signaling pathway genes, which ultimately increased level of susceptibility of locust. However, their effect was significantly different in both parts of locust which recommends that the Toll-related genes are conserved in midgut instead of locust body.
用喂食法单独或联合使用绿僵菌（IMI330189）和 Mad1 蛋白来克服与免疫相关的酶和 Toll 样途径基因，研究了其在迁飞性蝗虫中的功效。绿僵菌（IMI330189）是一种有效的、有杀虫作用的真菌菌株，可以有效地防治害虫。同样，Mad1 蛋白附着在昆虫的外骨骼上，导致昆虫产生毒性。当绿僵菌（IMI330189）和 Mad1 联合使用时，我们确认了最高 55%的死亡率。同样，当联合使用 Mad1 和 IMI330189 时，观察到昆虫的 PO 活性增加，而单独使用 Mad1 时，PO、POD 和 SOD 活性降低。从迁飞性蝗虫的中肠和身体中研究了四个 Toll 样信号通路基因（MyD88、Cactus、Pelle 和 CaN）。在处理后 72 小时，随后，Mad1 和 Mad1+IMI330189 的应用使 MyD88 在中肠和身体中的表达显著降低。在昆虫的两部分，这些处理的效果绝对不一致。同时，IMI330189 显著提高了中肠和身体中 Cactus 的表达。然而，联合处理（Mad1+IMI330189）显著降低了两部分身体中 Cactus 的表达。Pelle 的表达在中肠中用 Mad1 和 IMI330189 的单独处理显著增加，而联合处理（Mad1+IMI330189）抑制了中肠中的 Pelle 表达。用 IMI330189 和 Mad1+IMI330189 处理，其表达水平在身体中绝对较高。另一方面，Mad1 显著增加了中肠中 CaN 的表达。然而，所有三种处理方法都显著影响和抑制了蝗虫身体中 CaN 基因的表达。这表明绿僵菌和 Mad1 蛋白的应用显著影响了 Toll 信号通路基因，最终增加了蝗虫的易感性。然而，它们在蝗虫的两部分中的效果有显著差异，这表明 Toll 相关基因在中肠中是保守的，而不是在蝗虫的身体中。
