Division of Psychology, School of Social and Health Sciences, Abertay University, Dundee, DD11HG, Scotland.
Facultad de Psicologia, Universidad El Bosque, Bogota, Colombia.
Sci Rep. 2019 Apr 30;9(1):6698. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-43267-7.
Romantic mouth-to-mouth kissing is culturally widespread, although not a human universal, and may play a functional role in assessing partner health and maintaining long-term pair bonds. Use and appreciation of kissing may therefore vary according to whether the environment places a premium on good health and partner investment. Here, we test for cultural variation (13 countries from six continents) in these behaviours/attitudes according to national health (historical pathogen prevalence) and both absolute (GDP) and relative wealth (GINI). Our data reveal that kissing is valued more in established relationships than it is valued during courtship. Also, consistent with the pair bonding hypothesis of the function of romantic kissing, relative poverty (income inequality) predicts frequency of kissing across romantic relationships. When aggregated, the predicted relationship between income inequality and kissing frequency (r = 0.67, BCa 95% CI[0.32,0.89]) was over five times the size of the null correlations between income inequality and frequency of hugging/cuddling and sex. As social complexity requires monitoring resource competition among large groups and predicts kissing prevalence in remote societies, this gesture may be important in the maintenance of long-term pair bonds in specific environments.
浪漫的嘴对嘴亲吻在文化上是广泛存在的，尽管不是人类普遍的行为，但它可能在评估伴侣健康和维持长期伴侣关系方面发挥着功能作用。因此，亲吻的使用和欣赏可能会根据环境是否重视身体健康和伴侣投资而有所不同。在这里，我们根据国家健康状况（历史病原体流行率）以及绝对（GDP）和相对财富（基尼系数），测试了这些行为/态度在 13 个来自六大洲的国家/地区的文化差异。我们的数据表明，亲吻在稳定的关系中比在求爱中更受重视。此外，与浪漫亲吻的伴侣结合假说一致，相对贫困（收入不平等）预测了浪漫关系中亲吻的频率。当汇总时，收入不平等与亲吻频率之间的预测关系（r=0.67，BCa95%置信区间[0.32,0.89]）是收入不平等与拥抱/拥抱和性之间的零相关关系的五倍以上。由于社会复杂性需要监测大群体之间的资源竞争，并预测偏远社会中的亲吻流行程度，因此这种姿态在特定环境中维持长期伴侣关系可能很重要。
