Department of Psychology, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
Cereb Cortex. 2020 Jan 10;30(1):181-196. doi: 10.1093/cercor/bhz080.
Socioeconomic status (SES) is a multidimensional construct that includes not only measures of material wealth, but also education, social prestige, and neighborhood quality. Socioeconomic correlates between wealth and cognitive functions have been well established in behavioral studies. However, functional and structural brain correlates of SES remain unclear. Here, we sought to uncover the most likely neural regions to be affected by low SES, specifically associated with age. Using effect size-seed-based d Mapping, we compiled studies that examined individuals with low SES and performed functional magnetic resonance imaging and voxel-based morphometry meta-analyses. The results revealed that as from early to late age, individuals exposed to low SES are less likely to have sustained executive network activity yet a greater likelihood to enhanced activity within reward-related regions. A similar activity was shown for gray matter volume across early to older age. These findings provide the first quantitative integration of neuroimaging results pertaining to the neural basis of SES. Hypoactivation of the executive network and hyperactivation of the reward network in low SES individuals may support the scarcity hypothesis and animal models of the effects of early adversity.
社会经济地位（SES）是一个多维结构，不仅包括物质财富的衡量标准，还包括教育、社会声望和邻里质量。在行为研究中，已经充分证实了财富和认知功能之间的 SES 相关性。然而，SES 的功能和结构脑相关性尚不清楚。在这里，我们试图揭示最有可能受到 SES 影响的神经区域，特别是与年龄相关的区域。我们使用基于效应量种子的 d 映射方法，整合了研究 SES 并进行功能磁共振成像和基于体素形态学元分析的个体的研究。结果表明，从早期到晚期，处于 SES 较低水平的个体不太可能持续保持执行网络活动，但更有可能增强与奖励相关的区域的活动。在早期到老年的整个过程中，灰质体积也表现出相似的活动。这些发现提供了有关 SES 神经基础的神经影像学结果的首次定量整合。SES 个体的执行网络活动不足和奖励网络活动过度可能支持稀缺假说和早期逆境对动物模型的影响。
