State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.
Beijing Aging Brain Rejuvenation Initiative (BABRI) Centre, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.
Adv Exp Med Biol. 2023;1419:73-81. doi: 10.1007/978-981-99-1627-6_6.
Socioeconomic status (SES) is a measurement of the sociological and economic statuses of individuals compared to others within the social and economic hierarchies. The common indicators of SES are income, education, and occupation statuses. Recently, researchers have used mixed measurements of SES, such as the MacArthur Scale. Numerous researches have proven the influence of SES on human development. Individuals who are less educated, have lower job status, and earn less or no income are at greater risk of poor health than their higher SES counterparts. SES has also been proven to influence life satisfaction, academic achievement, emotion regulation, cognitive function, and decision-making tendencies. SES has life span influence, which correlates with the level of cognition, rate of cognitive decline, and incidence of Alzheimer's disease among elderly individuals. Besides the individual level of SES, neighborhood SES can also affect cognitive function as an environmental factor. Low-SES individuals exhibit hypoactivation of the executive network and hyperactivation of the reward network, indicating low-SES individuals tend to focus more on monetary issues, while neglecting other non-monetary issues, which is consistent with the scarcity hypothesis.
社会经济地位（SES）是衡量个体相对于社会和经济等级制度中其他人的社会和经济地位的一种方法。SES 的常见指标有收入、教育和职业地位。最近，研究人员使用 SES 的混合测量方法，例如麦克阿瑟量表。大量研究证明 SES 对人类发展的影响。与 SES 较高的人相比，受教育程度较低、职业地位较低、收入较低或没有收入的人更容易健康状况较差。SES 也被证明会影响生活满意度、学业成绩、情绪调节、认知功能和决策倾向。SES 具有寿命影响，与老年人的认知水平、认知衰退速度和阿尔茨海默病的发病率相关。除了个体 SES 水平外，邻里 SES 也可以作为环境因素影响认知功能。SES 较低的个体表现出执行网络的低激活和奖励网络的高激活，表明 SES 较低的个体往往更关注货币问题，而忽视其他非货币问题，这与稀缺性假说一致。
