Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy.
J Exp Zool B Mol Dev Evol. 2019 Sep;332(6):171-178. doi: 10.1002/jez.b.22856. Epub 2019 May 2.
The origin of the p53 gene family predates multicellular life since TP53 members of this gene family have been found in unicellular eukaryotes. In invertebrates one or two genes attributable to a TP53-like or TP63/73-like gene are present. The radiation into three genes, TP53, TP63, and TP73, has been reported as a vertebrate invention. TP53 is considered the "guardian of the genome" given its role in protecting cells against the DNA damage and cellular stressors. TP63 and TP73 play a role in epithelial development and neurogenesis, respectively. The evolution of the p53 gene family has been the subject of considerable analyses even if several questions remain still open. In this study we addressed the evolutionary history of the p53 gene family in vertebrates performing an extended microsyntenic investigation coupled with a phylogenetic analysis, together with protein domain organization and structure assessment. On the basis of our results we discussed a possible evolutionary scenario according to which a TP53/63/73 ancestor form gave rise to the current TP53 and a TP63/73 form, which in turn independently duplicated into two genes in agnathe and gnathostome lineages.
p53 基因家族的起源可以追溯到多细胞生命之前，因为在单细胞真核生物中已经发现了该基因家族的 TP53 成员。在无脊椎动物中，存在一个或两个归因于 TP53 样或 TP63/73 样基因的基因。TP53、TP63 和 TP73 这三个基因的辐射已被报道为脊椎动物的发明。TP53 被认为是“基因组的守护者”，因为它在保护细胞免受 DNA 损伤和细胞应激方面发挥作用。TP63 和 TP73 分别在上皮细胞发育和神经发生中发挥作用。尽管仍有几个问题尚未解决，但 p53 基因家族的进化一直是相当多分析的主题。在这项研究中，我们通过扩展微同线性研究并结合系统发育分析、蛋白质结构域组织和结构评估，研究了脊椎动物中 p53 基因家族的进化历史。根据我们的结果，我们讨论了一个可能的进化情景，即 TP53/63/73 祖先形式产生了当前的 TP53 和 TP63/73 形式，而后者又分别在无颌类和颌类谱系中独立复制为两个基因。
