School of Material Science and Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, PR China.
School of Material Science and Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, PR China.
Carbohydr Polym. 2019 Jul 15;216:167-179. doi: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.04.012. Epub 2019 Apr 3.
In this paper, acid-catalyzed conversion of nine sugars (xylose, glucose, fructose, galactose, sucrose, maltose, lactose, raffinose, and β-cyclodextrin) with different sizes, steric structures and functionalities were investigated and impacts of the varied sugars on structures of resulting polymers were focused. Under similar reaction conditions, the yields of the carbon materials (insoluble polymers) formed followed the order: xylose » lactose > galactose > β-cyclodextrin > maltose > sucrose > fructose > glucose > raffinose. Increasing temperature enhanced transformation of soluble oligomers into insoluble ones. Morphologies of the carbon materials were closely related to sugar structures. Diameters of carbon materials (microsphere form) obtained from the disaccharides and oligosaccharides were larger than that of monosaccharides. Furthermore, the microspheres from oligosaccharides had a higher affinity to each other, resulting from continued polymerization as some reactive functionalities were retained in carbon materials. In addition, graphite structure was formed in the carbon materials, even at 160 °C.
本文研究了不同大小、立体结构和功能的 9 种糖（木糖、葡萄糖、果糖、半乳糖、蔗糖、麦芽糖、乳糖、棉子糖和β-环糊精）在酸催化下的转化，重点研究了不同糖对所得聚合物结构的影响。在相似的反应条件下，形成的碳材料（不溶性聚合物）的产率依次为：木糖>乳糖>半乳糖>β-环糊精>麦芽糖>蔗糖>果糖>葡萄糖>棉子糖。升高温度会促进可溶性低聚物转化为不溶性聚合物。碳材料的形态与糖的结构密切相关。二糖和寡糖得到的碳材料（微球形式）的直径大于单糖。此外，由于一些反应性官能团保留在碳材料中，一些低聚糖的微球之间具有更高的亲和力，导致进一步聚合。此外，即使在 160°C 的温度下，碳材料中也形成了石墨结构。
