Effects of diet on gut microbiota of soil collembolans.

The importance of diet in regulating the gut microbiome of globally distributed and functionally important soil generalist invertebrates such as collembolans remain poorly understood. Here, we studied a model collembolan (Folsomia candida) and found that diet (bacteria, plant litters, yeast, mixed food) is a critical factor in regulating the microbial diversity and community composition of this important soil organism. Collembolans fed with litter exhibited the lowest bacterial diversity and were dominated by Ochrobactrum. Conversely, collembolans fed with mixed diets resulted in the highest bacterial diversity. Our findings further suggest that microbial communities associated with different diets are linked to different levels of collembolan fitness. For example, the relative abundance of the genera of unclassified Thermogemmatisporaceae, Brevibacillus, and Novosphingobium were positively correlated with growth of the collembolans. Together, our work provides evidence that diet is a major force controlling the gut microbiome of collembolans, and is a good environmental predictor for collembolan growth, with implications for ecosystem functioning in terrestrial environments.