Bhatia Latika, Sharma Ashutosh, Bachheti Rakesh K, Chandel Anuj K
a Department of Microbiology & Bioinformatics, Atal Bihari Vajpayee University , Bilaspur , India.
b Department of Chemistry, Graphic Era University , Dehradun , India.
Prep Biochem Biotechnol. 2019;49(8):744-758. doi: 10.1080/10826068.2019.1608446. Epub 2019 May 3.
Lignocellulosic biomass (LB) is the renewable feedstock for the production of fuel/energy, feed/food, chemicals, and materials. LB could also be the versatile source of the functional oligosaccharides, which are non-digestible food ingredients having numerous applications in food, cosmetics, pharmaceutical industries, and others. The burgeoning functional food demand is expected to be more than US$440 billion in 2022. Because of higher stability at low pH and high temperature, oligosaccharides stimulate the growth of prebiotic bifidobacteria and lactic acid bacteria. Xylooligosaccharides (XOS) are major constituents of oligosaccharides consisting of 2-7 xylose monomeric units linked via β-(1,4)-linkages. XOS can be obtained from various agro-residues by thermochemical pretreatment, enzymatic or chemoenzymatic methods. While thermochemical methods are fast, reproducible, enzymatic methods are substrate specific, costly, and produce minimum side products. Enzymatic methods are preferred for the production of food grade and pharmaceutically important oligosaccharides. XOS are potent prebiotics having antioxidant properties and enhance the bio-adsorption of calcium and improving bowel functions, etc. LB can cater to the increasing demand of oligosaccharides because of their foreseeable amount and the advancements in technology to recover oligosaccharides. This paper summarizes the methods for oligosaccharides production from LB, classification, and benefits of oligosaccharides on human health.
木质纤维素生物质（LB）是用于生产燃料/能源、饲料/食品、化学品和材料的可再生原料。LB还可以是功能性低聚糖的通用来源，这些低聚糖是不可消化的食品成分，在食品、化妆品、制药行业等有众多应用。预计到2022年，蓬勃发展的功能性食品需求将超过4400亿美元。由于在低pH值和高温下具有更高的稳定性，低聚糖能刺激益生元双歧杆菌和乳酸菌的生长。木寡糖（XOS）是低聚糖的主要成分，由2-7个通过β-(1,4)-键连接的木糖单体单元组成。XOS可以通过热化学预处理、酶法或化学酶法从各种农业残留物中获得。虽然热化学方法速度快、可重复，但酶法具有底物特异性、成本高且副产物少。酶法是生产食品级和具有重要药学意义的低聚糖的首选方法。XOS是具有抗氧化特性的强效益生元，可增强钙的生物吸附并改善肠道功能等。由于LB的可预见数量以及回收低聚糖技术的进步，LB能够满足对低聚糖日益增长的需求。本文总结了从LB生产低聚糖的方法、低聚糖的分类以及低聚糖对人体健康的益处。
