Adelaide Medical School and National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia Centre of Research Excellence in Translating Nutritional Science to Good Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia.
Am J Clin Nutr. 2019 May 1;109(5):1335-1343. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/nqz020.
The fatty acid, lauric acid ('C12'), and the amino acid, L-tryptophan ('Trp'), modulate gastrointestinal functions including gut hormones and pyloric pressures, which are important for the regulation of energy intake, and both potently suppress energy intake.
We hypothesized that the intraduodenal administration of C12 and Trp, at loads that do not affect energy intake individually, when combined will reduce energy intake, which is associated with greater modulation of gut hormones and pyloric pressures.
Sixteen healthy, lean males (age: 24 ± 1.5 y) received 90-min intraduodenal infusions of saline (control), C12 (0.3 kcal/min), Trp (0.1 kcal/min), or C12 + Trp (0.4 kcal/min), in a randomized, double-blind, cross-over study. Antropyloroduodenal pressures were measured continuously, and plasma cholecystokinin (CCK), ghrelin, and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) concentrations, appetite perceptions, and gastrointestinal symptoms at 15-min intervals. Immediately after the infusions, energy intake from a standardized buffet meal was quantified.
C12 + Trp markedly reduced energy intake (kcal; control: 1,232 ± 72, C12: 1,180 ± 82, Trp: 1,269 ± 73, C12 + Trp: 1,056 ± 106), stimulated plasma CCK (AUC(area under the curve)0-90 min, pmol/Lmin; control: 21 ± 8; C12: 129 ± 15; Trp: 97 ± 16; C12 + Trp: 229 ± 22) and GLP-1 (AUC0-90 min, pmol/Lmin; control: 102 ± 41; C12: 522 ± 102; Trp: 198 ± 63; C12 + Trp: 545 ± 138), and suppressed ghrelin (AUC0-90 min, pg/mL*min; control: -3,433 ± 2,647; C12: -11,825 ± 3,521; Trp: -8,417 ± 3,734; C12 + Trp: -18,188 ± 4,165) concentrations, but did not stimulate tonic, or phasic, pyloric pressures, compared with the control (all P < 0.05), or have adverse effects. C12 and Trp each stimulated CCK (P < 0.05), but to a lesser degree than C12 + Trp, and did not suppress energy intake or ghrelin. C12, but not Trp, stimulated GLP-1 (P < 0.05) and phasic pyloric pressures (P < 0.05), compared with the control.
The combined intraduodenal administration of C12 and Trp, at loads that individually do not affect energy intake, substantially reduces energy intake, which is associated with a marked stimulation of CCK and suppression of ghrelin. The study was registered as a clinical trial at the Australian and New Zealand Clinical Trial Registry (www.anzctr.org.au,) as 12613000899741.
脂肪酸月桂酸（'C12'）和氨基酸色氨酸（'Trp'）调节胃肠道功能，包括胃肠激素和幽门压力，这对于调节能量摄入很重要，两者都能强烈抑制能量摄入。
我们假设在不单独影响能量摄入的情况下，十二指肠内给予 C12 和 Trp，当组合使用时会减少能量摄入，这与更大程度地调节胃肠激素和幽门压力有关。
16 名健康、瘦的男性（年龄：24±1.5 岁）接受了 90 分钟的十二指肠内盐水（对照）、C12（0.3 千卡/分钟）、Trp（0.1 千卡/分钟）或 C12+Trp（0.4 千卡/分钟）的输注，采用随机、双盲、交叉研究。连续测量胃幽门压力，每隔 15 分钟测量胆囊收缩素（CCK）、胃饥饿素和胰高血糖素样肽-1（GLP-1）浓度、食欲感知和胃肠道症状。输注后立即定量标准化自助餐的能量摄入。
C12+Trp 显著减少能量摄入（千卡；对照：1232±72，C12：1180±82，Trp：1269±73，C12+Trp：1056±106），刺激血浆 CCK（AUC0-90 分钟，pmol/Lmin；对照：21±8；C12：129±15；Trp：97±16；C12+Trp：229±22）和 GLP-1（AUC0-90 分钟，pmol/Lmin；对照：102±41；C12：522±102；Trp：198±63；C12+Trp：545±138），抑制胃饥饿素（AUC0-90 分钟，pg/mL*min；对照：-3433±2647；C12：-11825±3521；Trp：-8417±3734；C12+Trp：-18188±4165）浓度，但与对照相比，不刺激张力性或相位性幽门压力（均 P<0.05），也没有不良影响。C12 和 Trp 都刺激 CCK（P<0.05），但程度低于 C12+Trp，并且不抑制能量摄入或胃饥饿素。C12，但不是 Trp，刺激 GLP-1（P<0.05）和相位性幽门压力（P<0.05），与对照相比。
在不单独影响能量摄入的情况下，十二指肠内联合给予 C12 和 Trp 可显著减少能量摄入，这与 CCK 的显著刺激和胃饥饿素的抑制有关。该研究在澳大利亚和新西兰临床试验注册中心（www.anzctr.org.au）注册为临床试验，编号为 12613000899741。
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