This study aims to produce polypropylene (PP)/titanium dioxide (TiO) melt-blown membranes for oil/water separation and photocatalysis. PP and different contents of TiO are melt-blended to prepare master batches using a single screw extruder. The master batches are then fabricated into PP/TiO melt-blown membranes. The thermal properties of the master batches are analyzed using differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis, and their particle dispersion and melt-blown membrane morphology are evaluated by scanning electron microscopy. TiO loaded on melt-blown membranes is confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The oil/water separation ability of the melt-blown membranes is evaluated to examine the influence of TiO content. Results show that the thermal stability and photocatalytic effect of the membranes increase with TiO content. TiO shows a good dispersion in the PP membranes. After 3 wt.% TiO addition, crystallinity increases by 6.4%, thermal decomposition temperature increases by 25 °C compared with pure PP membranes. The resultant PP/TiO melt-blown membrane has a good morphology, and better hydrophobicity even in acetone solution or 6 h ultraviolet irradiation, and a high oil flux of about 15,000 L·m·h. Moreover, the membranes have stabilized oil/water separation efficiency after being repeatedly used. The proposed melt-blown membranes are suitable for mass production for separating oil from water in massively industrial dyeing wastewater.