Costs, severity of illness and outcome in intensive care.

Severity of illness (Therapeutic Index Severity Score, Classes 1-4) and direct clinical costs (labour costs, diagnostic costs, drugs, disposables, etc.) were determined for 100 consecutive patients admitted to Royal Newcastle Hospital Intensive Care Unit over six weeks. Outcome was assessed using mortality, quality of life, functional status, productivity and mental status one month after separation from the Unit. The mean total admission cost was $1,357 (Class 4 mean = $3,706) but for over 70% of patients costs were less than $1,000. The main component of cost was labour (about 60% for all classes). TISS proved a strong predictor (P less than 0.001) of total admission costs. Survival to one month was 89% and optimal association between cost and survival was found with those with low costs more likely to survive (P less than 0.001). On the other hand, no association was found between total admission cost and resulting quality of life. However, there was an association between pre-admission and follow-up quality of life (P less than 0.0005).