Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA.
Tob Control. 2020 Mar;29(2):231-233. doi: 10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2018-054837. Epub 2019 May 3.
Since the released the onitoring tobacco use and tobacco control policies; rotecting from the dangers of tobacco smoke; ffering help to quit tobacco; arning the public about the dangers; nforcing bans on advertising, promotion and sponsorship; and aising tobacco taxes (MPOWER) policy package to assist nations with implementing the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC), 88 countries have adopted at least one MPOWER policy at the highest level as of 2014. Building on previous evaluations, we estimated the reduction in smoking-attributable deaths (SADs) from all policies newly adopted at the highest level between 2014 and 2016.
For each nation that implemented highest level policies, he difference in policy effect sizes from previously validated models for the policies in effect in 2014 and 2016 were multiplied by the number of smokers in that nation to derive the reduction in the number of smokers. Based on research that half of all smokers die from smoking, we derived SADs averted.
In total, 43 nations adopted at least one highest-level MPOWER policy between 2014 and 2016, resulting in 14.6 million fewer SADs. The largest number of SADs averted were due to stronger health warnings (13.3 million), followed by raising taxes (0.6 million), increased marketing bans (0.4 million), smoke-free air laws (0.3 million) and cessation interventions (2500).
These findings demonstrate the continuing public health impact of tobacco control policies adopted globally since the FCTC, and highlight the importance of more countries adopting MPOWER policies at the highest level to reduce the global burden of tobacco use.
自《世界卫生组织烟草控制框架公约》发布以来，监测烟草使用和烟草控制政策；保护人们免受烟草烟雾危害；提供戒烟帮助；向公众宣传危害；禁止烟草广告、促销和赞助；并提高烟草税（MPOWER）政策包，以协助各国实施《世界卫生组织烟草控制框架公约》（FCTC），截至 2014 年，88 个国家在最高级别上至少通过了一项 MPOWER 政策。在以前的评估基础上，我们估算了 2014 年至 2016 年期间在最高级别上采用的所有新政策导致的归因于吸烟的死亡人数（SAD）减少量。
对于每个实施最高级别政策的国家，将政策实施效果大小的差异乘以该国家的吸烟者人数，以得出减少的吸烟者人数。基于一半吸烟者死于吸烟的研究，我们推导出避免的 SAD。
共有 43 个国家在 2014 年至 2016 年期间至少通过了一项最高级别 MPOWER 政策，导致 SAD 减少了 1460 万例。避免的 SAD 数量最多的是加强健康警示（1330 万例），其次是提高税收（60 万例）、扩大营销禁令（40 万例）、无烟空气法（30 万例）和戒烟干预措施（2500 例）。
这些发现表明，自《世界卫生组织烟草控制框架公约》发布以来，全球范围内实施的烟草控制政策继续产生公共卫生影响，并强调更多国家在最高级别上通过 MPOWER 政策以减少全球烟草使用负担的重要性。
