Departments of Biology and Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, A1B 3X9, Canada.
Mol Cell Endocrinol. 2019 Nov 1;497:110437. doi: 10.1016/j.mce.2019.04.017. Epub 2019 May 2.
The frequencies of eating disorders and obesity have increased worldwide in recent years. Their pathophysiologies are still unclear, but recent evidence suggests that they might be related to changes in endocrine and neural factors that regulate feeding and energy homeostasis. In order to develop efficient therapeutic drugs, a more thorough knowledge of the neuronal circuits and mechanisms involved is needed. Although to date, rodents have mostly been used models in the area of neuroscience and neuroendocrinology, an increasing number of studies use non-mammalian vertebrates, in particular fish, as model systems. Fish present several advantages over mammalian models and they share genetic and physiological homology to mammals with close similarities in the mechanisms involved in the neural and endocrine regulation of appetite. This review briefly describes the regulation of feeding in two model species, goldfish and zebrafish, how this regulation compares to that in mammals, and how these fish could be used for studies on endocrine regulation of eating and weight and its dysregulations.
近年来，全球范围内饮食失调和肥胖的发病率有所增加。它们的病理生理学机制尚不清楚，但最近的证据表明，它们可能与调节进食和能量平衡的内分泌和神经因素的变化有关。为了开发有效的治疗药物，需要更深入地了解涉及的神经元回路和机制。尽管迄今为止，啮齿动物在神经科学和神经内分泌学领域主要被用作模型，但越来越多的研究使用非哺乳动物脊椎动物，特别是鱼类，作为模型系统。鱼类相对于哺乳动物模型具有几个优势，它们在涉及食欲的神经和内分泌调节的机制方面与哺乳动物具有遗传和生理同源性，并且具有相似性。本文简要描述了两种模型物种，金鱼和斑马鱼的摄食调节，这种调节与哺乳动物的调节有何不同，以及这些鱼类如何用于研究内分泌对摄食和体重的调节及其失调。
