College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 A Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing, 100049, China.
College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 2019 Jun;103(12):5023-5037. doi: 10.1007/s00253-019-09849-1. Epub 2019 May 4.
Huge numbers of microorganisms reside in livestock faeces and constitute one of the most complex microbial ecosystems. Here, faecal microbial communities of three typical livestock in Xilingol steppe grassland, i.e. sheep, cattle, and horse, were investigated by Illumina MiSeq sequencing and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes comprised the majority of bacterial communities in three livestock faeces. Sordariomycetes, Leotiomycetes, and Dothideomycetes were dominant in fungal communities, as well as Methanobacteria and Methanomicrobia were dominant in archaeal communities in three livestock faeces. Similar fungal community dominated in these samples, with 95.51% of the sequences falling into the overlap of three livestock faeces. In contrast, bacterial communities were quite variable among three different livestock faeces, but a similar community was observed in sheep and cattle faeces. Nearly all the archaea were identified as methanogens, whilst the most diverse and abundant methanogens were detected in cattle faeces. Potential pathogens including Bacteroides spp., Desulfovibrio spp., and Fusarium spp. were also detected in livestock faeces. Overall, this study provides the first detailed microbial comparison of typical livestock faeces dwelling on single grassland, and may be help guide management strategies for livestock grazing and grassland restoration.
大量微生物存在于牲畜粪便中，构成了最复杂的微生物生态系统之一。本研究采用 Illumina MiSeq 测序和实时荧光定量 PCR（qPCR）方法，研究了锡林郭勒草原三种典型牲畜（绵羊、牛和马）粪便中的微生物群落。厚壁菌门和拟杆菌门是三种牲畜粪便中细菌群落的主要组成部分。子囊菌门、毛霉门和散囊菌门在真菌群落中占主导地位，而甲烷杆菌和甲烷微菌在三种牲畜粪便中的古菌群落中占主导地位。这些样本中存在相似的真菌群落，95.51%的序列重叠。相比之下，三种不同牲畜粪便中的细菌群落差异较大，但绵羊和牛粪便中存在相似的群落。几乎所有的古菌都被鉴定为产甲烷菌，而在牛粪便中检测到最多样和丰富的产甲烷菌。在牲畜粪便中还检测到了潜在的病原体，包括拟杆菌属、脱硫弧菌属和镰刀菌属。总之，本研究首次对单一草原上的典型牲畜粪便中的微生物进行了详细比较，可能有助于指导牲畜放牧和草原恢复的管理策略。
