Departamento de Inmunología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, IPN, Mexico, Mexico.
Scand J Immunol. 2019 Oct;90(4):e12772. doi: 10.1111/sji.12772. Epub 2019 May 20.
Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) remains the only licensed vaccine against human tuberculosis (TB). BCG is a live-attenuated strain of Mycobacterium bovis, with limitations in efficacy against respiratory TB, the most common form of the disease responsible for transmission. However, continues to be used in the immunization programmes of different countries in the absence of another alternative. In order to improve BCG efficacy against pulmonary TB, in the current clinical TB vaccine pipeline, there are live-attenuated TB vaccines to replace BCG. This review discusses the current status of the development of live vaccine candidates designed to replace BCG from the rational strategies and immunological challenges to its clinical trial and identify key areas in the next years considered essential to confer improved safety and efficacy over BCG.
卡介苗（BCG）仍然是唯一获准用于预防人类结核病（TB）的疫苗。BCG 是一株减毒的牛型分枝杆菌，对呼吸道结核的疗效有限，而呼吸道结核是最常见的传播疾病形式。然而，由于缺乏其他替代疫苗，BCG 仍被用于不同国家的免疫规划中。为了提高 BCG 对肺结核的疗效，目前在临床结核病疫苗研发管道中，有一些减毒结核病疫苗正在替代 BCG。本综述讨论了从合理策略和免疫挑战到临床试验，设计用于替代 BCG 的活疫苗候选物的最新发展现状，并确定了未来几年中被认为对提高 BCG 的安全性和疗效至关重要的关键领域。
