De Ollas Carlos, Morillón Raphaël, Fotopoulos Vasileios, Puértolas Jaime, Ollitrault Patrick, Gómez-Cadenas Aurelio, Arbona Vicent
Departament de Ciències Agràries i del Medi Natural, Universitat Jaume I, Castellón de la Plana, Spain.
Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (CIRAD), Petit-Bourg, France.
Front Plant Sci. 2019 Apr 16;10:427. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00427. eCollection 2019.
The Mediterranean basin is especially sensitive to the adverse outcomes of climate change and especially to variations in rainfall patterns and the incidence of extremely high temperatures. These two concurring adverse environmental conditions will surely have a detrimental effect on crop performance and productivity that will be particularly severe on woody crops such as citrus, olive and grapevine that define the backbone of traditional Mediterranean agriculture. These woody species have been traditionally selected for traits such as improved fruit yield and quality or alteration in harvesting periods, leaving out traits related to plant field performance. This is currently a crucial aspect due to the progressive and imminent effects of global climate change. Although complete genome sequence exists for sweet orange () and clementine (), olive tree () and grapevine (), the development of biotechnological tools to improve stress tolerance still relies on the study of the available genetic resources including interspecific hybrids, naturally occurring (or induced) polyploids and wild relatives under field conditions. To this respect, post-genomic era studies including transcriptomics, metabolomics and proteomics provide a wide and unbiased view of plant physiology and biochemistry under adverse environmental conditions that, along with high-throughput phenotyping, could contribute to the characterization of plant genotypes exhibiting physiological and/or genetic traits that are correlated to abiotic stress tolerance. The ultimate goal of precision agriculture is to improve crop productivity, in terms of yield and quality, making a sustainable use of land and water resources under adverse environmental conditions using all available biotechnological tools and high-throughput phenotyping. This review focuses on the current state-of-the-art of biotechnological tools such as high throughput -omics and phenotyping on grapevine, citrus and olive and their contribution to plant breeding programs.
地中海盆地对气候变化的不利影响尤为敏感，特别是对降雨模式的变化和极端高温的发生率。这两种同时出现的不利环境条件肯定会对作物的生长性能和生产力产生不利影响，对构成传统地中海农业支柱的木本作物，如柑橘、橄榄和葡萄树，影响尤为严重。这些木本物种传统上是根据果实产量和品质的提高或收获期的改变等性状来选择的，而忽略了与植物田间表现相关的性状。由于全球气候变化的渐进和紧迫影响，这目前是一个关键问题。尽管甜橙（）、克莱门氏小柑橘（）、橄榄树（）和葡萄树（）都有完整的基因组序列，但开发提高胁迫耐受性的生物技术工具仍依赖于对现有遗传资源的研究，包括种间杂种、自然发生（或诱导）的多倍体和田间条件下的野生近缘种。在这方面，包括转录组学、代谢组学和蛋白质组学在内的后基因组时代研究，提供了在不利环境条件下植物生理学和生物化学的广泛且无偏差的观点，这与高通量表型分析一起，有助于鉴定表现出与非生物胁迫耐受性相关的生理和/或遗传性状的植物基因型。精准农业的最终目标是在不利环境条件下，利用所有可用的生物技术工具和高通量表型分析，提高作物的产量和品质，实现土地和水资源的可持续利用。本综述重点关注葡萄、柑橘和橄榄等生物技术工具（如高通量组学和表型分析）的当前技术水平及其对植物育种计划的贡献。
