Ebrahimisadr Parisa, Ghaffarifar Fatemeh, Horton John, Dalimi Abdolhossein, Sharifi Zohreh
Department of Parasitology and Entomology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
Tropical Projects, Hitchin, United Kingdom.
Avicenna J Med Biotechnol. 2019 Apr-Jun;11(2):202-205.
Toll-Like Receptors (TLRs) are the cause of phagocytosis activation and destruction of the infection agents. In addition, new evidences support the idea that TLRs play a vital role in starting the acquired immunity reactions.
In this study, it has been attempted to infect the BALB/c mice with Leishania ajor () and treat them using morphine and imiquimod; then the expressions of ,4 from treated lesion were studied by using Real-Time PCR method. Treatment with morphine 1 , imiquimod 5% and nalmefene 1 began four weeks after the challenge. After treatment period, half of the mice of each group were killed and their lesions were isolated for RNA extraction and making cDNA. For the rest of mice, lesion size was measured weekly.
The results showed increase of expression of gene among all treated groups relative to the control, and the difference was significant (p<0.05). The expression of gene only was reduced in groups under treatment with morphine and morphine plus nalmefene relative to the control group and in the other groups increased. The highest expression of was seen in the group treated by glucantime (p<0.0001).
However, in this study it was found that despite decreasing the size of lesion in all treated groups, expression of in the morphine, nalmefene, morphine plus nalmefene treated groups compared to the control group was decreased. Therefore, morphine may have a different function mechanism in treatment of the Leishmaniasis with the .
Toll样受体（TLRs）是吞噬作用激活和感染病原体破坏的原因。此外，新证据支持TLRs在启动获得性免疫反应中起关键作用这一观点。
在本研究中，尝试用大利什曼原虫（Leishania ajor）感染BALB/c小鼠并用吗啡和咪喹莫特进行治疗；然后使用实时定量聚合酶链反应（Real-Time PCR）方法研究治疗后病变部位中 、4的表达。在攻击四周后开始用1毫克吗啡、5%咪喹莫特和1毫克纳美芬进行治疗。治疗期结束后，每组一半的小鼠被处死，分离其病变部位用于RNA提取和制备互补DNA（cDNA）。对于其余小鼠，每周测量病变大小。
结果显示，相对于对照组，所有治疗组中 基因的表达均增加，且差异显著（p<0.05）。相对于对照组，仅在吗啡治疗组和吗啡加纳美芬治疗组中 基因的表达降低，而在其他组中增加。在葡醛酸锑钠治疗组中观察到 的最高表达（p<0.0001）。
然而，在本研究中发现，尽管所有治疗组的病变大小均减小，但与对照组相比，吗啡、纳美芬、吗啡加纳美芬治疗组中 的表达降低。因此，吗啡在治疗 引起的利什曼病时可能具有不同的作用机制。
