School of Physical Education, Anyang Normal University, 436 Xiange Road, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China.
Beijing Sport University, 18 Xinxi Road, Beijing, China.
Reprod Biol Endocrinol. 2019 May 6;17(1):42. doi: 10.1186/s12958-019-0486-7.
Long-term high-intensity exercise can lead to reproductive endocrine and spermatogenic dysfunction. This research is to investigate the effect of resveratrol on the reduction of reproductive dysfunction induced by high-intensity exercise, and to screen relevant factors and signal transduction pathways.
Rats were randomly divided into three groups, a control group, an intensive exercise group (IE group), and a resveratrol-treated group (RSV group). After 9 weeks of exercise, the sperm density and reproductive hormone concentrations were measured, along with antioxidation, inflammatory cytokine production, and histological analyses performed for each group. In addition, a proteomics analysis of the IE group and RSV group were conducted.
We found that compared with the control group, the average sperm density (P < 0.05) and testosterone concentration (P < 0.05) in the IE group decreased significantly. Additionally, in testis tissue the concentration of the inflammatory cytokines IL-6 (P < 0.01) and TNF-α (P < 0.01) increased significantly. Also, a significant decrease in superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity (P < 0.01) and a significant increase in the malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration (P < 0.01) were noted. In the RSV group, the average sperm density (P < 0.01), testosterone (P < 0.01) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) levels (P < 0.01) all increased in comparison to the IE group, and the concentration of IL-6 (P < 0.01) and TNF-α (P < 0.01) were found to be significantly decreased. Compared with the IE group, the SOD activity in the RSV group was significantly increased (P < 0.01), while the MDA content decreased (P < 0.01). Furthermore, histological analysis showed that the number of spermatogenic epithelial cells in the RSV group was higher than that of the IE group. There were a number of spermatogenic regulatory proteins identified in the proteomics analysis, including Clusterin, Piwi like homolog 1 (Piwil1), Zona pellucida binding protein (Zpbp), Heat shock-related 70 kDa protein 2 (Hspa2), Centrin 1, and Bardet-Biedl syndrome 2 protein (Bbs2). It was found that the proteins that differed between the two groups were mainly involved in pathways such as complement and coagulation cascades, the extracellular matrix-receptor interactions, etc. CONCLUSIONS: The present study demonstrates that after high-intensity exercise, the inflammatory cascade in the tissue of the testis increases with decreased resistance to oxidation and disordered spermatogenic function. Resveratrol can improve the reproductive dysfunction of rats that was induced by high-intensity exercise. It mostly promotes reproductive function by increasing testosterone secretion, reducing the inflammatory response, improving the antioxidant capacity, affecting the expression of spermatogenic regulatory proteins, and enhancing the signal transduction pathway of spermatogenesis.
长期高强度运动可导致生殖内分泌和生精功能障碍。本研究旨在探讨白藜芦醇对高强度运动引起的生殖功能障碍的影响，并筛选相关因素和信号转导通路。
将大鼠随机分为三组，对照组、剧烈运动组（IE 组）和白藜芦醇处理组（RSV 组）。运动 9 周后，测量精子密度和生殖激素浓度，并对各组进行抗氧化、炎症细胞因子产生和组织学分析。此外，对 IE 组和 RSV 组进行蛋白质组学分析。
与对照组相比，IE 组的平均精子密度（P<0.05）和睾酮浓度（P<0.05）明显降低。此外，睾丸组织中炎症细胞因子 IL-6（P<0.01）和 TNF-α（P<0.01）的浓度显著升高。同时，超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性（P<0.01）显著降低，丙二醛（MDA）浓度（P<0.01）显著升高。在 RSV 组中，与 IE 组相比，平均精子密度（P<0.01）、睾酮（P<0.01）和卵泡刺激素（FSH）水平（P<0.01）均升高，IL-6（P<0.01）和 TNF-α（P<0.01）的浓度明显降低。与 IE 组相比，RSV 组的 SOD 活性显著升高（P<0.01），而 MDA 含量降低（P<0.01）。此外，组织学分析显示 RSV 组的生精上皮细胞数量高于 IE 组。蛋白质组学分析鉴定出许多生精调节蛋白，包括 Clusterin、Piwi 样同源物 1（Piwil1）、透明带结合蛋白（Zpbp）、热休克相关 70kDa 蛋白 2（Hspa2）、Centrin 1 和 Bardet-Biedl 综合征 2 蛋白（Bbs2）。结果发现，两组之间差异的蛋白质主要涉及补体和凝血级联、细胞外基质-受体相互作用等途径。
本研究表明，高强度运动后，睾丸组织中的炎症级联反应增加，氧化抵抗能力降低，生精功能紊乱。白藜芦醇可改善高强度运动引起的大鼠生殖功能障碍。它主要通过增加睾酮分泌、降低炎症反应、提高抗氧化能力、影响生精调节蛋白的表达以及增强生精信号转导通路来促进生殖功能。
