Centro de Investigación en Biología Molecular de las Enfermedades Crónicas (CIBIMEC), Centro Universitario del Sur, Universidad de Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico; Centro de Investigaciones en Comportamiento Alimentario y Nutrición (CICAN), Centro Universitario del Sur, Ciudad Guzmán, Jalisco, Mexico.
Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey (ITESM) Campus Querétaro, Querétaro, Mexico.
Ann Hepatol. 2019 Mar-Apr;18(2):345-353. doi: 10.1016/j.aohep.2018.11.004. Epub 2019 Apr 17.
Intake of a high-carbohydrate, low-protein diet (HCD/LPD) during pregnancy promotes metabolic disturbances. It has been suggested that liver function during pregnancy contributes to the synthesis of proteins necessary for fetal development during this stage. The liver is a site of response to the synthesis of macronutrients such as proteins. However, it is unknown how HCD/LPD is associated with modifications to the amino acid profiles and hepatic alterations in the maternal environment during pregnancy.
A transverse longitudinal study was done in primiparous mothers during gestation (G) (G1 day 1, G5 day 5, G15 day 15, and G20 day 20). Histological analysis was used to assess hepatic alterations, and amino acid profiles in the liver were analyzed with high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Food and water intake was quantified, and peripheral biochemical indicators in serum were measured.
Mothers with HCD/LPD had increased micro and macro vesicles of fat, necrosis, and inflammation in the liver on G5. The total concentration of hepatic amino acids increased by 40% on G1, 17% on G5, and 25% on G15; and, there was a 12% decrease on G20. The following increases were observed in the liver on G1: arginine 68%, histidine 75%, alanine 18%, methionine 71%, and phenylalanine 51% (p>0.05); on G5: arginine 12%, methionine 34%, and phenylalanine 83% (p>0.05); on G15: arginine and phenylalanine 66%, tryptophan 81% and histidine 60.4% (p>0.05); and on G20: arginine 32% (p>0.05). No weight loss, changes in food consumption, or hepatomegaly occurred.
HCD/LPD during pregnancy in primiparous mothers may promote development of fat vesicles. Possibly, this condition causes metabolic adaptations and nitrogen management reflected in decreased levels of serum urea and altered amino acid profiles in the liver.
怀孕期间摄入高碳水化合物、低蛋白饮食（HCD/LPD）会促进代谢紊乱。有人提出，怀孕期间的肝功能有助于合成胎儿在这一阶段发育所需的蛋白质。肝脏是对蛋白质等大量营养素合成作出反应的部位。然而，目前尚不清楚 HCD/LPD 如何与妊娠期间母体环境中氨基酸谱的改变和肝内改变相关。
对妊娠（G）期间的初产妇进行了一项横断纵向研究（G1 天 1、G5 天 5、G15 天 15 和 G20 天 20）。使用组织学分析评估肝内改变，并用高效液相色谱法（HPLC）分析肝内氨基酸谱。定量了食物和水的摄入量，并测量了血清中的外周生化指标。
HCD/LPD 的母亲在 G5 时肝内出现微泡和大泡脂肪、坏死和炎症。G1 时肝内总氨基酸浓度增加 40%，G5 时增加 17%，G15 时增加 25%，G20 时减少 12%。G1 时肝内以下氨基酸增加：精氨酸 68%、组氨酸 75%、丙氨酸 18%、蛋氨酸 71%和苯丙氨酸 51%（p>0.05）；G5 时精氨酸 12%、蛋氨酸 34%和苯丙氨酸 83%（p>0.05）；G15 时精氨酸和苯丙氨酸 66%、色氨酸 81%和组氨酸 60.4%（p>0.05）；G20 时精氨酸 32%（p>0.05）。未发生体重减轻、食物摄入量变化或肝肿大。
初产妇怀孕期间的 HCD/LPD 可能会促进脂肪泡的形成。可能这种情况会导致代谢适应和氮素管理，表现为血清尿素水平降低和肝内氨基酸谱改变。
