Alegría-Morán Raúl A, Guzmán-Pino Sergio A, Egaña Juan Ignacio, Muñoz Carem, Figueroa Jaime
Departamento de Medicina Preventiva Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8820808, Chile.
Departamento de Fomento de la Producción Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, Santa Rosa 11735, La Pintana, Santiago 8820000, Chile.
Animals (Basel). 2019 May 6;9(5):219. doi: 10.3390/ani9050219.
A ten-year food preference database (2007-2017) was used to relate food selection in dogs to the nutritional components of diets by doing a principal component analysis (PCA) and a linear regression between components obtained and dogs' preferences. Intake and preference of preferred diets were analyzed by dogs' sex, breed, age, body weight, and the season of the year (hot or cold). The fourth component after PCA presented a relation with food preferences (OR = -2.699, = 0.026), showing negative correlations with crude fiber ( = -0.196; = 0.038) and dry matter ( = -0.184; = 0.049). Weight (OR = -1.35; < 0.001), breed, both Boxer (OR = 10.62; = 0.003) and Labrador Retriever (OR = 26.30; < 0.001), and season (hot season) (OR = -5.27; < 0.001) all influenced animals' intake. Boxers presented a lower food preference compared to the other breeds (OR = -44.3; < 0.001), while animals' weight influenced preferences only in Boxers (OR = 2.02; < 0.001). Finally, age and sex did not affect dogs' preference or intake of preferred diets. Thus dry matter and fiber content have a negative impact on dogs' food choices. Dogs' weight, breed, and season affected food intake, but only breed affected dogs' preferences, which is probably explained by adaptive changes in the detection, metabolization, and learning of nutritive food cues.
利用一个十年的食物偏好数据库（2007 - 2017年），通过主成分分析（PCA）以及所获得的成分与犬类偏好之间的线性回归，将犬类的食物选择与饮食的营养成分联系起来。通过犬类的性别、品种、年龄、体重以及一年中的季节（炎热或寒冷）来分析偏好饮食的摄入量和偏好情况。PCA后的第四个成分与食物偏好存在关联（OR = -2.699，P = 0.026），与粗纤维（P = -0.196；P = 0.038）和干物质（P = -0.184；P = 0.049）呈负相关。体重（OR = -1.35，P < 0.001）、品种，包括拳师犬（OR = 10.62，P = 0.003）和拉布拉多寻回犬（OR = 26.30，P < 0.001）以及季节（炎热季节）（OR = -5.27，P < 0.001）均影响动物的摄入量。与其他品种相比，拳师犬的食物偏好较低（OR = -44.3，P < 0.001），而动物的体重仅对拳师犬的偏好有影响（OR = 2.02，P < 0.001）。最后，年龄和性别并未影响犬类对偏好饮食的偏好或摄入量。因此，干物质和纤维含量对犬类的食物选择有负面影响。犬类的体重、品种和季节影响食物摄入量，但只有品种影响犬类的偏好，这可能是由营养性食物线索的检测、代谢和学习方面的适应性变化所解释的。
