Microbial Diversity Research Centre, Dr. D. Y. Patil Biotechnology and Bioinformatics Institute, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Tathawade, Pune, Maharashtra, 411033, India.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2020 Aug;27(22):27221-27233. doi: 10.1007/s11356-019-05239-2. Epub 2019 May 7.
Biological methods offer eco-friendly and cost-effective alternatives for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). The present study highlights a green process where AgNPs were synthesized and optimized by using silver nitrate (AgNO) and the aqueous extract of Piper betle (Pbet) leaf as the reducing and capping agent. The stable and optimized process for the synthesis of Pbet-AgNPs was exposure of reaction mixture into the sunlight for 40 min, pH 9.0, and 2 mM AgNO using 1:4 diluted Pbet leaf aqueous extract. The optimized Pbet-AgNPs were characterized by UV-visible spectroscopy, high-resolution field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), X-ray diffractometry (XRD), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The prepared Pbet-AgNPs were spherical in shape with size in the range of 6-14 nm. These nanoparticles were stable for 6 months in aqueous solution at room temperature under dark conditions. The biogenic synthesized Pbet-AgNPs are found to have significant antifungal activity against plant pathogenic fungi, Alternaria brassicae and Fusarium solani. Synthesized Pbet-AgNPs potentially reduced the fungal growth in a dose-dependent manner. Microscopic observation of treated mycelium showed that Pbet-AgNPs could disrupt the mycelium cell wall and induce cellular permeability. Protein leakage assay supports these findings. Overall, this study revealed the efficacy of green synthesized AgNPs to control the plant fungal pathogens. Pbet leaves are a rich source of phenolic biomolecule(s). It was hypothesized that these biomolecule(s) mediated metal reduction reactions. In this context, the present work investigates the phytobiomolecule(s) of the aqueous extract of Pbet leaves using high-resolution liquid chromatography-mass spectroscopy (HR-LCMS) method. The analysis revealed that eugenol, chavicol, and hydroxychavicol were present in the Pbet aqueous extract.
生物方法为银纳米粒子 (AgNPs) 的合成提供了环保且经济高效的替代方案。本研究强调了一种绿色工艺，其中使用硝酸银 (AgNO) 和荜茇叶的水提物作为还原剂和封端剂来合成和优化 AgNPs。使用 1:4 稀释的荜茇叶水提物，在反应混合物暴露于阳光下 40 分钟、pH9.0 和 2mM AgNO 的条件下，优化了荜茇-AgNPs 的合成稳定工艺。优化后的荜茇-AgNPs 通过紫外-可见光谱、高分辨率场发射扫描电子显微镜 (FE-SEM)、X 射线衍射 (XRD) 和傅里叶变换红外光谱 (FTIR) 进行了表征。制备的荜茇-AgNPs 呈球形，尺寸在 6-14nm 范围内。这些纳米粒子在室温黑暗条件下在水溶液中稳定 6 个月。生物合成的荜茇-AgNPs 对植物病原菌如芸薹链格孢菌和茄腐镰刀菌具有显著的抗真菌活性。合成的荜茇-AgNPs 以剂量依赖的方式显著降低真菌生长。处理菌丝体的显微镜观察表明，荜茇-AgNPs 可以破坏菌丝体细胞壁并诱导细胞通透性。蛋白质泄漏测定支持这些发现。总的来说，这项研究揭示了绿色合成的 AgNPs 控制植物真菌病原体的功效。荜茇叶是酚类生物分子的丰富来源。据推测，这些生物分子介导了金属还原反应。在这方面，本工作使用高分辨率液相色谱-质谱 (HR-LCMS) 方法研究了荜茇叶水提物中的植物生物分子。分析表明，丁香酚、香草醛和羟基香草醛存在于荜茇水提物中。
