McKee Debra L, Hu Zheng, Stahlman Shauna
MSMR. 2018 Oct;25(10):2-8.
Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is a consequence of untreated or inadequately treated sexually transmitted infections that can itself lead to infertility and ectopic pregnancy. Annual screening for asymptomatic chlamydia and gonorrhea infection helps reduce the incidence of acute PID. In the military, routine versus risk-based individual screening for chlamydia and gonorrhea began in some services in 2001, with full implementation across the services by 2005. From 1996 through 2016, rates of acute PID among active component women started to decline in the mid-2000s, consistent with national trends and coinciding with implementation of routine annual chlamydia and gonorrhea screening. Of active component women diagnosed with acute PID from 1996 through 2012, 6.1% were subsequently diagnosed with infertility or ectopic pregnancy, with higher proportions found among women in the Army and those aged 25-34 years. The overall decrease in the rates of acute PID in the military is consistent with national trends, and continued screening for asymptomatic chlamydia and gonorrhea infections should result in a continuing decline in the incidence of acute PID.
盆腔炎（PID）是未经治疗或治疗不充分的性传播感染的后果，其本身可导致不孕和异位妊娠。对无症状衣原体和淋病感染进行年度筛查有助于降低急性盆腔炎的发病率。在军队中，2001年一些军种开始对衣原体和淋病进行常规筛查与基于风险的个体筛查，到2005年各军种全面实施。从1996年到2016年，现役女性中急性盆腔炎的发病率在21世纪中期开始下降，这与全国趋势一致，并且与常规年度衣原体和淋病筛查的实施相吻合。在1996年至2012年被诊断为急性盆腔炎的现役女性中，6.1%随后被诊断为不孕或异位妊娠，在陆军女性和25至34岁的女性中这一比例更高。军队中急性盆腔炎发病率的总体下降与全国趋势一致，持续对无症状衣原体和淋病感染进行筛查应会使急性盆腔炎的发病率持续下降。
