Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston Massachusetts.
Division of STD Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia.
J Infect Dis. 2021 Aug 16;224(12 Suppl 2):S29-S35. doi: 10.1093/infdis/jiab067.
Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is a clinical syndrome that has been associated with a wide range of potential causal pathogens. Three broad groups of organisms have been isolated from the genital tract of people with PID: sexually transmitted organisms such as Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Chlamydia trachomatis, Mycoplasma genitalium, and Trichomonas vaginalis; bacterial vaginosis (BV)-associated species and genera such as Atopobium vaginae, Sneathia, and Megasphaera; and genera and species usually associated with the gastrointestinal or respiratory tracts such as Bacteroides, Escherichia coli, Streptococcus, or Haemophilus influenza. Although PID is often considered to be synonymous with gonorrhea or chlamydia, these pathogens are found in only one quarter to one third of people with PID, suggesting that broader screening and diagnostic and treatment strategies need to be considered to reduce the burden of PID and its associated sequelae.
盆腔炎性疾病（PID）是一种临床综合征，与多种潜在的致病病原体有关。从 PID 患者的生殖道中已分离出三大类病原体：性传播病原体，如淋病奈瑟菌、沙眼衣原体、生殖支原体和阴道毛滴虫；细菌性阴道病（BV）相关的物种和属，如阴道阿托波菌、Sneathia 和巨球形菌；以及通常与胃肠道或呼吸道相关的属和种，如拟杆菌、大肠杆菌、链球菌或流感嗜血杆菌。尽管 PID 通常被认为等同于淋病或衣原体，但这些病原体仅在四分之一至三分之一的 PID 患者中发现，这表明需要考虑更广泛的筛查、诊断和治疗策略，以降低 PID 及其相关后遗症的负担。
