Department of Psychological, Health and Territorial Sciences, Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, G. d' Annunzio University, Chieti-Pescara, 66013 Chieti, Italy.
Institute of Toxicology and Genetics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, P.O. Box 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany.
Int J Mol Sci. 2019 May 7;20(9):2236. doi: 10.3390/ijms20092236.
In recent years, great interest has been devoted to finding alternative sources for human stem cells which can be easily isolated, ideally without raising ethical objections. These stem cells should furthermore have a high proliferation rate and the ability to differentiate into all three germ layers. Amniotic fluid, ordinarily discarded as medical waste, is potentially such a novel source of stem cells, and these amniotic fluid derived stem cells are currently gaining a lot of attention. However, further information will be required about the properties of these cells before they can be used for therapeutic purposes. For example, the risk of tumor formation after cell transplantation needs to be explored. The tumor suppressor protein p53, well known for its activity in controlling Cell Prolif.eration and cell death in differentiated cells, has more recently been found to be also active in amniotic fluid stem cells. In this review, we summarize the major findings about human amniotic fluid stem cells since their discovery, followed by a brief overview of the important role played by p53 in embryonic and adult stem cells. In addition, we explore what is known about p53 in amniotic fluid stem cells to date, and emphasize the need to investigate its role, particularly in the context of cell tumorigenicity.
近年来，人们极大地关注于寻找可轻易分离的人类干细胞的替代来源，最好不会引起伦理争议。这些干细胞还应具有高增殖率和分化为所有三个胚层的能力。羊水通常作为医疗废物丢弃，但它是一种潜在的新型干细胞来源，这些羊水衍生的干细胞目前备受关注。然而，在这些细胞可用于治疗目的之前，还需要更多关于这些细胞特性的信息。例如，需要探索细胞移植后肿瘤形成的风险。肿瘤抑制蛋白 p53 因其在控制分化细胞中的细胞增殖和细胞死亡方面的活性而广为人知，最近又发现其在羊水干细胞中也具有活性。在这篇综述中，我们总结了自发现以来关于人类羊水干细胞的主要发现，随后简要概述了 p53 在胚胎和成人干细胞中的重要作用。此外，我们探讨了迄今为止已知的 p53 在羊水干细胞中的作用，并强调需要研究其作用，特别是在细胞致瘤性方面。
