Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in a renal transplant patient.

End-stage renal disease (ESRD) has a major impact on health and affects more than 600,000 people in the USA. The current mainstay treatments include dialysis and kidney transplantation (KT), and patients who have received KT have a higher quality of life and a lower mortality risk than those on chronic dialysis. Therefore, KT is considered the more preferred treatment modality for patients with ESRD. However, even though KT results in a higher long-term survival rate, the use of immunosuppressants is associated with various complications, including opportunistic infections and malignancies, which may lead to a higher risk of death in the first year after transplantation. Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is a rare complication following KT, with an incidence of 0.027% in KT recipients. We present a case of PML following immunosuppressant therapy in a patient who received KT.