Conrad Erin C, Humphries Stacey, Chatterjee Anjan
a Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania.
b University of Pennsylvania.
AJOB Neurosci. 2019 Jan-Mar;10(1):35-47. doi: 10.1080/21507740.2019.1595771.
The widespread use of stimulants among healthy individuals to improve cognition has received growing attention; however, public attitudes toward this practice are not well understood. We determined the effect of framing metaphors and context of use on public opinion toward cognitive enhancement. We recruited 3,727 participants from the United States to complete three surveys using Amazon's Mechanical Turk between April and July 2017. Participants read vignettes describing an individual using cognitive enhancement, varying framing metaphors (fuel versus steroid), and context of use (athletes versus students versus employees). The main outcome measure was the difference in respondent-assigned level of acceptability of the use of cognitive enhancement by others and by themselves between the contrasting vignettes. Participants were more likely to support the use of cognitive enhancement by others than by themselves and more when the use of enhancement by others was framed with a fuel metaphor than with a steroid metaphor. Metaphoric framing did not affect participants' attitudes toward their own use. Participants supported the use of enhancement by employees more than by students or athletes. These results are discussed in relation to existing ethical and policy literature.
兴奋剂在健康个体中广泛用于改善认知的现象日益受到关注；然而，公众对这种做法的态度却鲜为人知。我们确定了框架隐喻和使用背景对公众对认知增强看法的影响。2017年4月至7月间，我们从美国招募了3727名参与者，通过亚马逊的Mechanical Turk平台完成三项调查。参与者阅读了描述个人使用认知增强手段的短文，这些短文在框架隐喻（燃料与类固醇）和使用背景（运动员、学生与员工）方面有所不同。主要的结果指标是在对比短文之间，受访者对他人和自己使用认知增强手段可接受程度的差异。参与者更倾向于支持他人使用认知增强手段，而非自己使用；并且当他人使用认知增强手段用燃料隐喻来表述时，比用类固醇隐喻表述时，参与者的支持度更高。隐喻框架并未影响参与者对自己使用认知增强手段的态度。参与者对员工使用认知增强手段的支持度高于对学生或运动员的支持度。我们结合现有的伦理和政策文献对这些结果进行了讨论。
