Lima Gabriel, Teldeschi Alina, Oliveira Natália, Bernardes Camila, Drummond Cláudia, Assunção Naima, Bortolini Tiago, Mattos Paulo
Centro de Neuropsicologia Aplicada - Institute D'Or of Research and Education (IDOR), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
Memory Clinic - Institute D'Or of Research and Education, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
Dement Neuropsychol. 2019 Jan-Mar;13(1):89-96. doi: 10.1590/1980-57642018dn13-010010.
The Von Restorff (isolation) effect refers to a stimulus that is more likely to be remembered amongst other stimuli in memory tasks. It has been demonstrated with different age ranges and methodologies.
To investigate: a) the presence of the isolation effect in elders tested with the new Brazilian Portuguese version of the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Task (RAVLT) in which a word with potential emotional weight (mother) was introduced; b) whether isolation effects persist in memory disorders of different degrees of severity (Mild Cognitive Impairment [MCI]; Alzheimer's Dementia [AD]).
The RAVLT was administered to 287 consecutive volunteers. Individuals underwent medical and neuropsychological evaluation and were further sub-grouped into normal controls (n=114), MCI (n=87) and AD (n=86) patients. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Chi-squared tests were performed. Tukey analysis was conducted to assess significance of group differences.
There were significant group effects on the learning curve. A W-shape - instead of the classical U-shape - was found for the serial position curve in all groups.
The new Brazilian version of the RAVLT exhibited the Von Restorff effect, where this phenomenon was evident not only in older adults but also patients with MCI and AD, providing further psychometric measures for inter-group analyses.
冯·雷斯托夫（隔离）效应是指在记忆任务中，一种刺激比其他刺激更有可能被记住。这一效应已在不同年龄范围和方法中得到证实。
研究：a）在使用巴西葡萄牙语新版雷伊听觉词语学习任务（RAVLT）对老年人进行测试时，隔离效应的存在情况，该任务引入了一个具有潜在情感分量的词（母亲）；b）隔离效应在不同严重程度的记忆障碍（轻度认知障碍[MCI]；阿尔茨海默病痴呆[AD]）中是否持续存在。
对287名连续的志愿者进行RAVLT测试。个体接受医学和神经心理学评估，并进一步分为正常对照组（n = 114）、MCI组（n = 87）和AD组（n = 86）患者。进行单因素方差分析（ANOVA）和卡方检验。进行Tukey分析以评估组间差异的显著性。
学习曲线存在显著的组效应。在所有组中，系列位置曲线呈现出W形——而非经典的U形。
巴西新版RAVLT表现出冯·雷斯托夫效应，这种现象不仅在老年人中明显，在MCI和AD患者中也很明显，为组间分析提供了进一步的心理测量方法。
