Starling Daniela Siqueira Veloso, Moreira Bruna Fernanda Tolentino, Jaeger Antônio
PhD in Neuroscience, Federal University of Minas Gerais, MG, Brazil.
Graduate student in Psychology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, MG, Brazil.
Dement Neuropsychol. 2019 Jan-Mar;13(1):104-110. doi: 10.1590/1980-57642018dn13-010012.
Remembering recently studied materials (i.e., retrieval practice) is more beneficial for learning than restudying these materials.
To investigate whether retrieval practice benefits learning for individuals with Down syndrome.
Eighteen individuals with Down syndrome (mean age=21.61 years, =5.93) performed a task entailing a first read of an encyclopedic text covering a series of target words. After reading the text twice, participants recalled half of the target words (retrieval practice), and reread the other half (restudy). After 48 hours, participants answered a multiple-choice test including all target words. Subsequently, WASI's Vocabulary and Matrix reasoning subtests were administered to estimate intelligence.
The benefit of retrieval practice for learning was numerically greater than the benefit of restudy, although this advantage did not reach statistical significance. Inspection of individual data suggested that the benefit of retrieval practice was greater than the benefit of restudy for the majority of the participants, independently of the participants' vocabulary or reasoning abilities.
Although more research is needed before retrieval practice can be recommended as a learning strategy for individuals with Down syndrome, the data suggest that retrieval practice can be a useful teaching tool for at least part of this population.
记忆近期学习的材料（即检索练习）对学习的益处大于重新学习这些材料。
研究检索练习对唐氏综合征患者的学习是否有益。
18名唐氏综合征患者（平均年龄 = 21.61岁，标准差 = 5.93）完成一项任务，首先阅读一篇涵盖一系列目标词汇的百科文本。在将文本阅读两遍后，参与者回忆一半的目标词汇（检索练习），并重新阅读另一半（重新学习）。48小时后，参与者进行包括所有目标词汇的多项选择题测试。随后，进行韦氏成人智力量表（WASI）的词汇和矩阵推理子测试以评估智力。
检索练习对学习的益处从数值上看大于重新学习的益处，尽管这一优势未达到统计学显著性。对个体数据的检查表明，对于大多数参与者而言，检索练习的益处大于重新学习的益处，且与参与者的词汇或推理能力无关。
虽然在将检索练习推荐为唐氏综合征患者的学习策略之前还需要更多研究，但数据表明检索练习至少对这部分人群中的一部分可能是一种有用的教学工具。
