Neuropsychology & Neuroscience Laboratory, Kessler Foundation Research Center, West Orange, New Jersey 07052, USA.
J Int Neuropsychol Soc. 2010 Nov;16(6):1147-50. doi: 10.1017/S1355617710001128. Epub 2010 Oct 15.
Memory impairment is common following traumatic brain injury (TBI), but interventions to improve memory in persons with TBI have been ineffective. Retrieval practice is a robust memory strategy among healthy undergraduates, whereby practice retrieving information shortly after it is presented leads to better delayed recall than simple restudy. In a verbal paired associate paradigm, we investigated the effect of retrieval practice relative to massed and spaced restudy on delayed recall in 14 persons with chronic memory impairment following a TBI and 14 age-matched healthy controls. A significant learning condition (massed restudy, spaced restudy, retrieval practice) by group (TBI, healthy) interaction emerged, whereby only healthy controls benefited from spaced restudy (i.e., distributed learning) over massed restudy, but both groups greatly benefited from retrieval practice over massed and spaced restudy. That is, retrieval practice greatly improves memory in persons with TBI, even when other mnemonic strategies (e.g., distributed learning) are less effective.
创伤性脑损伤（TBI）后常出现记忆障碍，但改善 TBI 患者记忆的干预措施一直收效甚微。检索练习是健康大学生中一种强大的记忆策略，即在呈现信息后不久进行检索练习会导致延迟回忆比简单的重复学习更好。在言语配对联想范式中，我们研究了与集中和间隔复习相比，检索练习对 14 名 TBI 后慢性记忆障碍患者和 14 名年龄匹配的健康对照组的延迟回忆的影响。出现了显著的学习条件（集中复习、间隔复习、检索练习）与组（TBI、健康）的交互作用，只有健康对照组从间隔复习（即分布式学习）中受益于集中复习，而两组均从检索练习中大大受益于集中和间隔复习。也就是说，检索练习极大地改善了 TBI 患者的记忆，即使其他记忆策略（例如分布式学习）效果较差。
