Obien Marie Engelene J, Frey Urs
Bio Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zürich, Basel, Switzerland.
MaxWell Biosystems, Basel, Switzerland.
Adv Neurobiol. 2019;22:83-123. doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-11135-9_4.
High-density microelectrode arrays (HD-MEAs) are increasingly being used for the observation and manipulation of neurons and networks in vitro. Large-scale electrode arrays allow for long-term extracellular recording of the electrical activity from thousands of neurons simultaneously. Beyond population activity, it has also become possible to extract information of single neurons at subcellular level (e.g., the propagation of action potentials along axons). In effect, HD-MEAs have become an electrical imaging platform for label-free extraction of the structure and activation of cells in cultures and tissues. The quality of HD-MEA data depends on the resolution of the electrode array and the signal-to-noise ratio. In this chapter, we begin with an introduction to HD-MEA signals. We provide an overview of the developments on complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor or CMOS-based HD-MEA technology. We also discuss the factors affecting the performance of HD-MEAs and the trending application requirements that drive the efforts for future devices. We conclude with an outlook on the potential of HD-MEAs for advancing basic neuroscience and drug discovery.
高密度微电极阵列（HD-MEA）越来越多地用于体外观察和操纵神经元及神经网络。大规模电极阵列能够同时对数千个神经元的电活动进行长期细胞外记录。除了群体活动外，还能够在亚细胞水平提取单个神经元的信息（例如动作电位沿轴突的传播）。实际上，HD-MEA已成为一个用于无标记提取培养物和组织中细胞结构及激活信息的电成像平台。HD-MEA数据的质量取决于电极阵列的分辨率和信噪比。在本章中，我们首先介绍HD-MEA信号。我们概述了基于互补金属氧化物半导体（CMOS）的HD-MEA技术的发展情况。我们还讨论了影响HD-MEA性能的因素以及推动未来设备研发的趋势性应用需求。最后，我们展望了HD-MEA在推进基础神经科学和药物发现方面的潜力。
