Ayers Stephanie, Jager Justin, Kulis Stephen S
Southwest Interdisciplinary Research Center, Arizona State University, Phoenix, Arizona.
School of Social and Family Dynamics, Arizona State University, Phoenix, Arizona.
J Ethn Subst Abuse. 2021 Apr-Jun;20(2):187-210. doi: 10.1080/15332640.2019.1598907. Epub 2019 May 10.
Although roughly 70% of the American Indian and Alaska Native (AI) population live in urban areas, research is scarce regarding this population. As a consequence, there is limited understanding about the salient socioenvironmental factors that aid in preventing substance use among urban AI communities. This study utilized a statewide, cross-sectional, school-based survey of urban AI adolescents ( = 2,375) to (a) examine the associations between substance use and risk and promotive factors within the family and peer group, and (b) explore how these associations vary by subgroups (gender, racial/ethnic background, and grade level). Results suggest that risk factors-familial substance use and antisocial peer affiliation-were associated with higher alcohol, cigarette, and marijuana use. However, these findings varied by subgroup. For males, involvement with antisocial peers was associated with greater marijuana use. Involvement with antisocial peers was also positively associated with alcohol and marijuana use for multiracial/multiethnic AI adolescents and those adolescents in 10th and 12th grades. The promotive factors-supportive family environment and prosocial peer affiliation-were not universally associated with lowered substance use by subgroup. This study advances understandings of the risk and promotive factors important in reducing and preventing substance use among urban AI adolescents. Experiencing familial substance use and affiliating with antisocial peers were the salient factors associated with increased substance use, particularly for urban AI adolescents who are older, male, and with multiracial/multiethnic AI backgrounds.
尽管大约70%的美国印第安人和阿拉斯加原住民（AI）居住在城市地区，但针对这一群体的研究却很匮乏。因此，对于有助于预防城市AI社区药物使用的显著社会环境因素，人们的了解有限。本研究利用了一项对城市AI青少年（n = 2375）进行的全州范围内的横断面学校调查，以（a）研究家庭和同伴群体中药物使用与风险及促进因素之间的关联，以及（b）探讨这些关联如何因亚组（性别、种族/族裔背景和年级）而异。结果表明，风险因素——家庭药物使用和反社会同伴关系——与更高的酒精、香烟和大麻使用相关。然而，这些发现因亚组而异。对于男性而言，与反社会同伴的交往与更多的大麻使用相关。对于多种族/多民族的AI青少年以及10年级和12年级的青少年，与反社会同伴的交往也与酒精和大麻使用呈正相关。促进因素——支持性的家庭环境和亲社会同伴关系——并非在所有亚组中都与减少药物使用普遍相关。本研究增进了对减少和预防城市AI青少年药物使用中重要的风险和促进因素的理解。经历家庭药物使用和与反社会同伴交往是与药物使用增加相关的显著因素，尤其是对于年龄较大、男性且具有多种族/多民族AI背景的城市AI青少年。
