Kulis Stephen S, Jager Justin, Ayers Stephanie L, Ignacio Matt
Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona.
J Ethn Subst Abuse. 2025 Jan 5:1-25. doi: 10.1080/15332640.2024.2446739.
The large majority (over 70%) of American Indian adolescents who reside in cities rather than tribal lands or rural areas report relatively earlier onset of substance use and more harmful associated health effects, compared to their non-Native peers.
This study investigated multilevel ecodevelopmental influences on empirically derived patterns of substance use among urban American Indian adolescents.
Data came from 8th, 10th, and 12th grade American Indian adolescents ( = 2,407) in metropolitan areas of Arizona. Using latent class analysis, their recent use of various substances fell into four patterns: polysubstance users consuming alcohol, tobacco, marijuana, other illicit drugs, and misusing prescription or OTC drugs; users of only alcohol, tobacco, and marijuana; those using only substances other than alcohol; and nonusers. Measures of positive and negative family, peer, school and neighborhood influences were used to predict latent class assignment, employing the R3STEP command in Mplus, while controlling for student gender, age, grade level, and multiracial identity, as well as family type, parental education, and household size.
In bivariate tests, each of the positive influences predicted being drug free rather than engaging in one of three distinctive types of substance use, while negative influences predicted recent use of some substances and, among users, polysubstance use rather than the other two patterns of substance use. In multivariate tests of all the ecodevelopmental influences, the negative influences-in the family and among peers especially-were the strongest and most consistent predictors of substance use and of polysubstance use in particular.
与非本地同龄人相比，居住在城市而非部落土地或农村地区的绝大多数（超过70%）美国印第安青少年报告称物质使用开始时间相对较早，且伴有更有害的健康影响。
本研究调查了多层次生态发展对城市美国印第安青少年物质使用实证模式的影响。
数据来自亚利桑那州大都市地区8年级、10年级和12年级的美国印第安青少年（n = 2407）。通过潜在类别分析，他们近期对各种物质的使用分为四种模式：同时使用酒精、烟草、大麻、其他非法药物以及滥用处方药或非处方药的多物质使用者；仅使用酒精、烟草和大麻的使用者；仅使用除酒精以外物质的使用者；以及不使用者。使用积极和消极的家庭、同伴、学校和邻里影响的测量指标来预测潜在类别归属，在Mplus中使用R3STEP命令，同时控制学生性别、年龄、年级水平和多种族身份，以及家庭类型、父母教育程度和家庭规模。
在双变量测试中，每种积极影响都预测会不使用药物，而不是参与三种独特物质使用类型中的一种，而消极影响则预测近期会使用某些物质，并且在使用者中，多物质使用而非其他两种物质使用模式。在所有生态发展影响的多变量测试中，消极影响——尤其是在家庭和同伴中——是物质使用尤其是多物质使用的最强且最一致的预测因素。
