School of Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, The University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand.
Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 2019 Jun;103(12):4693-4708. doi: 10.1007/s00253-019-09861-5. Epub 2019 May 11.
Biodeposition of minerals is a widespread phenomenon in the biological world and is mediated by bacteria, fungi, protists, and plants. Calcium carbonate is one of those minerals that naturally precipitate as a by-product of microbial metabolic activities. Over recent years, microbially induced calcium carbonate precipitation (MICP) has been proposed as a potent solution to address many environmental and engineering issues. However, for being a viable alternative to conventional techniques as well as being financially and industrially competitive, various challenges need to be overcome. In this review, the detailed metabolic pathways, including ammonification of amino acids, dissimilatory reduction of nitrate, and urea degradation (ureolysis), along with the potent bacteria and the favorable conditions for precipitation of calcium carbonate, are explained. Moreover, this review highlights the potential environmental and engineering applications of MICP, including restoration of stones and concrete, improvement of soil properties, sand consolidation, bioremediation of contaminants, and carbon dioxide sequestration. The key research and development questions necessary for near future large-scale applications of this innovative technology are also discussed.
生物矿物沉积是生物界中广泛存在的现象，由细菌、真菌、原生生物和植物介导。碳酸钙是微生物代谢活动的副产品之一，自然沉淀的矿物质。近年来，微生物诱导碳酸钙沉淀（MICP）被提议作为解决许多环境和工程问题的有效方法。然而，要成为传统技术的可行替代品，并且在经济和工业上具有竞争力，需要克服各种挑战。在这篇综述中，详细解释了代谢途径，包括氨基酸的氨化作用、硝酸盐的异化还原和尿素降解（尿解），以及有潜力的细菌和有利于碳酸钙沉淀的条件。此外，本文还强调了 MICP 的潜在环境和工程应用，包括石材和混凝土的修复、土壤性质的改善、砂土固结、污染物的生物修复以及二氧化碳的封存。还讨论了实现这项创新技术大规模应用所需的关键研究和开发问题。
