Callaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Agricultural Meteorology, College of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China.
State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2019 Jul;26(19):19502-19511. doi: 10.1007/s11356-019-05363-z. Epub 2019 May 10.
In coastal saline rice fields, rice production shows high greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions but low nitrogen use efficiency (NUE). However, few studies have focused on the combined effects of nitrogen (N) fertilizer and soil ameliorants on GHG emissions. Thus, a field experiment was conducted to study the combined effects of N fertilizer, humic acid, and gypsum on the global warming potential (GWP), yield-scaled greenhouse gas intensity (GHGI), rice grain yield, and NUE in coastal saline rice fields in southeastern China. The experiment was conducted with eight treatments: N0, N1, N0H1, N1H1, N0G1, N1G1, N0H1G1, and N1H1G1. The codes N0, N1, H1, and G1 represented treatments without N (0 kg N ha), with N (300 kg N ha), with humic acid (0.6 t ha), and with gypsum (0.6 t ha), respectively. Compared with the treatments without N addition, the application of N fertilizer significantly increased NO emissions and grain yield by 41.9130.6% and 32.857.5%, respectively, while significantly decreased the yield-scaled GHGI by 9.4~31.9%. Humic acid amendment significantly increased NO emissions and grain yield as compared with the treatments without humic acid. Gypsum addition had no significant effects on CH and NO emissions, GWP, yield-scaled GHGI, and grain yield in relation to the treatments without gypsum. In addition, compared with the N1 treatment, the N1H1, N1G1, and N1H1G1 treatments increased the grain yield by 18.3% (p < 0.05), 2.3%, and 10.4%, and decreased yield-scaled GHGI by 9.6%, 20.5%, and 31.2% (p < 0.05), despite similar GWPs, respectively. Overall, the N1H1 and N1H1G1 treatments are the appropriate fertilizer management to realize high yield together with low environmental impacts in coastal saline rice fields in China.
在沿海盐渍稻田中，水稻生产表现出较高的温室气体（GHG）排放和较低的氮素利用效率（NUE）。然而，很少有研究关注氮（N）肥和土壤改良剂对 GHG 排放的综合影响。因此，进行了田间试验，以研究氮肥、腐殖酸和石膏对中国东南部沿海盐渍稻田的全球变暖潜势（GWP）、产量标准化温室气体强度（GHGI）、水稻产量和 NUE 的综合影响。该试验采用 8 种处理方式：N0、N1、N0H1、N1H1、N0G1、N1G1、N0H1G1 和 N1H1G1。N0、N1、H1 和 G1 分别代表不施氮（0 kg N ha）、施氮（300 kg N ha）、施腐殖酸（0.6 t ha）和施石膏（0.6 t ha）。与不施氮处理相比，施氮处理显著增加了 NO 排放和产量，分别增加了 41.9%130.6%和 32.8%57.5%，同时显著降低了产量标准化 GHGI，降低了 9.4%~31.9%。腐殖酸处理与不施腐殖酸处理相比，NO 排放和产量均显著增加。与不施石膏处理相比，石膏处理对 CH 和 NO 排放、GWP、产量标准化 GHGI 和产量均无显著影响。此外，与 N1 处理相比，N1H1、N1G1 和 N1H1G1 处理的产量分别增加了 18.3%（p<0.05）、2.3%和 10.4%，产量标准化 GHGI 分别降低了 9.6%、20.5%和 31.2%（p<0.05），而 GWPs 相似。总的来说，N1H1 和 N1H1G1 处理是在中国沿海盐渍稻田实现高产和低环境影响的适宜施肥管理措施。
