Department of Management Science & Humanities, Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology, Pakistan.
Department of Management Science & Humanities, Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute of Engineering Sciences & Technology, Topi, Swabi, KPK, Pakistan.
Sci Total Environ. 2019 Aug 15;678:383-389. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.04.369. Epub 2019 May 3.
The increase in population has led to the rise in the construction and manufacturing of bricks. Bricks are manufactured in brick kilns that emit very harmful gases which in turn affect the human health, environment and economy. In Pakistan, the diseases related to skin, and respiratory system have created a lot of problems for the humans and animals. According to experts and professionals, one of the main causes of the environment and health related problems is brick kiln. It is very important to identify the brick kilns and emissions that are extremely harmful for the environment and human health. Therefore, the objective of this research paper is threefold. Firstly, to identify and rank the emissions from brick kilns based on their harmful impact on human health and environment. Secondly, to rank the three types of brick kilns i.e. Traditional Brick Kilns (TBK) with coal as a fuel, Traditional Brick Kilns (TBK) with rubber as a fuel and Contemporary Brick Kilns (CBK) (technologically advanced brick kilns) based on their impact on human health and environment. Thirdly, to identify the relation of three alternative brick kilns with health and environmental problems, respectively. DEMATEL and Fuzzy-TOPSIS have used for achieving the objectives. The results show that CO, CO and SO have the most harmful effects on the environment. Similarly, carcinogenic dioxin, SO and PM have the adverse effects on the human health. TBK in which rubber is used as a fuel is the most harmful and CBK is the safest types of brick kilns, respectively. In the light of the results, it is recommended to the government of Pakistan to formulate and implement the rules and regulations for minimizing the negative impacts of brick kilns on human health and environment. Moreover, new technologies should be used in order to reduce the harmful impacts.
人口增长导致了砖块的建筑和制造的增加。砖块是在砖窑中制造的，砖窑会排放出非常有害的气体，从而影响人类健康、环境和经济。在巴基斯坦，与皮肤和呼吸系统有关的疾病已经给人类和动物带来了很多问题。根据专家和专业人士的说法，环境和健康问题的主要原因之一是砖窑。识别对环境和人类健康极为有害的砖窑和排放物非常重要。因此，本研究论文的目的有三个。首先，根据对人类健康和环境的有害影响，识别和对砖窑排放物进行排名。其次，根据对人类健康和环境的影响，对三种类型的砖窑进行排名，即使用煤炭作为燃料的传统砖窑（TBK）、使用橡胶作为燃料的传统砖窑（TBK）和现代砖窑（CBK）（技术先进的砖窑）。第三，分别识别三种替代砖窑与健康和环境问题的关系。采用 DEMATEL 和模糊 TOPSIS 来实现这些目标。结果表明，CO、CO 和 SO 对环境的危害最大。同样，致癌二恶英、SO 和 PM 对人类健康也有不利影响。使用橡胶作为燃料的 TBK 是最有害的，而 CBK 是最安全的砖窑类型。根据结果，建议巴基斯坦政府制定和实施规则和法规，以尽量减少砖窑对人类健康和环境的负面影响。此外，应采用新技术来减少有害影响。
