Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States.
Environ Sci Technol. 2014 Jun 3;48(11):6477-83. doi: 10.1021/es500186g. Epub 2014 May 13.
Thirteen South Asian brick kilns were tested to quantify aerosol and gaseous pollutant emissions. Particulate matter (PM2.5), carbon monoxide (CO), and optical scattering and absorption measurements in the exhaust of six kiln technologies demonstrate differences in overall emission profiles and relative climate warming resulting from kiln design and fuel choice. Emission factors differed between kiln types, in some cases by an order of magnitude. The kilns currently dominating the sector had the highest emission factors of PM2.5 and light absorbing carbon, while improved Vertical Shaft and Tunnel kilns were lower emitters. An improved version of the most common technology in the region, the zig-zag kiln, was among the lowest emitting kilns in PM2.5, CO, and light absorbing carbon. Emission factors measured here are lower than those currently used in emission inventories as inputs to global climate models; 85% lower (PM2.5) and 35% lower for elemental carbon (EC) for the most common kiln in the region, yet the ratio of EC to total carbon was higher than previously estimated (0.96 compared to 0.47). Total annual estimated emissions from the brick industry are 120 Tg CO2, 2.5 Tg CO, 0.19 Tg PM2.5, and 0.12 Tg EC.
对 13 家南亚砖窑进行了测试，以量化气溶胶和气态污染物的排放。六种窑技术的废气中的颗粒物 (PM2.5)、一氧化碳 (CO) 和光散射与吸收测量表明，窑设计和燃料选择导致整体排放特征和相对气候变暖存在差异。在某些情况下，窑类型之间的排放因子差异达到了一个数量级。目前主导该行业的窑具有最高的 PM2.5 和光吸收碳的排放因子，而改进的立窑和隧道窑排放量较低。该地区最常见技术的改进版本——Zigzag 窑，在 PM2.5、CO 和光吸收碳方面是排放量最低的窑之一。这里测量的排放因子低于目前用于排放清单作为全球气候模型输入的因子；对于该地区最常见的窑，PM2.5 降低了 85%，元素碳 (EC) 降低了 35%，但 EC 与总碳的比例高于之前的估计 (0.96 比 0.47)。砖窑行业的年排放量估计为 120 太吨二氧化碳、2.5 太吨一氧化碳、0.19 太吨 PM2.5 和 0.12 太吨 EC。
