University of Georgia, USA.
University of Georgia, USA.
Clin Psychol Rev. 2019 Jul;71:1-26. doi: 10.1016/j.cpr.2019.04.005. Epub 2019 Apr 25.
Psychopathy is characterized by a constellation of traits including callousness, superficial charm, grandiosity, exploitativeness, irresponsibility, and impulsivity (e.g., Cleckley, 1941/1955; Hare, 2003). Despite longstanding interest, the nature and scope of the construct as well as the centrality and sufficiency of its components remain debated (i.e., Fearless Dominance/Boldness; Miller & Lynam, 2012; Lilienfeld et al., 2012). Recently, the Triarchic Model of Psychopathy (TriPM; Patrick, Fowles, & Krueger, 2009) has garnered considerable interest, positing that psychopathy can be characterized by three partially overlapping, phenotypic domains: Boldness, Meanness, and Disinhibition. The present meta-analysis sought to examine the relations between these domains and other well-validated psychopathy measures and theoretically relevant outcomes in its nomological network. Across outcomes, Meanness and Disinhibition demonstrated robust convergent and criterion validity with other models of psychopathy as well as with pathological traits and externalizing outcomes; however, they manifested limited discriminant validity in relation to one another. In addition, empirical evidence for Boldness in relation to maladaptive outcomes was much weaker. Specifically, Boldness evinced the most robust relations with markers of adaptive functioning and only small relations with central criterion variables (e.g., externalizing behavior).
精神病态的特征是一系列特质的组合，包括无情、表面魅力、自大、剥削、不负责任和冲动（例如，Cleckley，1941/1955；Hare，2003）。尽管长期以来一直受到关注，但该结构的性质和范围以及其组成部分的中心地位和充分性仍存在争议（即无畏支配/大胆；Miller 和 Lynam，2012；Lilienfeld 等人，2012）。最近，精神病态的三重模型（TriPM；Patrick、Fowles 和 Krueger，2009）引起了相当大的兴趣，假设精神病态可以通过三个部分重叠的表型领域来描述：大胆、卑鄙和去抑制。本荟萃分析旨在检查这些领域与其他经过充分验证的精神病态测量以及其因果关系网络中的理论相关结果之间的关系。在所有结果中，卑鄙和去抑制与其他精神病态模型以及病理性特征和外化结果具有很强的收敛和效标效度；然而，它们彼此之间表现出有限的判别效度。此外，关于适应不良结果的大胆的实证证据要弱得多。具体来说，大胆与适应功能的标志物之间存在最强大的关系，而与核心标准变量（例如，外化行为）之间的关系很小。
