Timpka Toomas, Jacobsson Jenny, Bargoria Victor, Dahlström Örjan
Athletics Research Center, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, 58183 Linköping, Sweden.
Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Moi University, Eldoret 30107, Kenya.
Sports (Basel). 2019 May 10;7(5):110. doi: 10.3390/sports7050110.
This exploratory study aimed to investigate whether data from track and field athletes support a conceptual model where the perception of pain affects self-evaluated health directly, yet is also indirectly mediated through personal factors and external stressors. A cross-sectional study was performed among athletes ( = 278) competing at the highest national level in the sport. Data for the dependent and independent variables were collected using the EuroQol-5 dimensions (EQ-5D) standardized measure of health status, and the mediator variables were collected by the Body Consciousness Scale (BCS-HA), Perceived Motivational Climate in Sport Questionnaire (PMCSQ), Commitment to Exercise Scale (CtES), and Brief Cope survey instruments. Two hundred and twenty-five (81%) athletes provided complete data sets. A strong direct association ( = -16.49; < 0.001) was found between pain and self-estimated health, and a global mediation was found through the mediators (mediation effect (ME), -1.814, 90% confidence interval (CI), -3.414, -0.351). Specific mediation was observed for body competence (ME, -0.721; 90% CI, -2.028, -0.097) and private body consciousness (ME, -0.514; 90% CI, -1.761, -0.017). In conclusion, we found a negative association between perceived pain and self-evaluated health among competitive track and field athletes, and we found that a portion of the association was mediated through mediating factors. Under the assumption that the analyzed pain data primarily represented noxious pain, the conceptual model of the relationships between pain and self-estimated health among high-level track and field athletes was supported.
疼痛感知直接影响自我评估的健康状况，但也通过个人因素和外部压力源产生间接影响。对参加该国最高水平该项运动比赛的运动员（=278）进行了一项横断面研究。使用欧洲五维健康量表（EQ-5D）这一标准化健康状况测量工具收集自变量和因变量的数据，通过身体意识量表（BCS-HA）、运动中感知动机氛围问卷（PMCSQ）、运动承诺量表（CtES）和简易应对方式调查问卷等工具收集中介变量的数据。225名（81%）运动员提供了完整的数据集。研究发现疼痛与自我估计健康之间存在强烈的直接关联（=-16.49；<0.001），并且通过中介变量发现了总体中介效应（中介效应（ME）为-1.814，90%置信区间（CI）为-3.414，-0.351）。观察到身体能力（ME为-0.721；90%CI为-2.028，-0.097）和私密身体意识（ME为-0.514；90%CI为-1.761，-0.017）的特定中介效应。总之，我们发现竞技田径运动员中感知到的疼痛与自我评估的健康之间存在负相关，并且发现部分关联是通过中介因素介导的。在分析的疼痛数据主要代表伤害性疼痛的假设下，高水平田径运动员中疼痛与自我估计健康之间关系的概念模型得到了支持。
