Center for Human Movement Sciences, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
Sports Med. 2014 Jun;44(6):763-75. doi: 10.1007/s40279-014-0163-0.
In pursuit of optimal performance, athletes and physical exercisers alike have to make decisions about how and when to invest their energy. The process of pacing has been associated with the goal-directed regulation of exercise intensity across an exercise bout. The current review explores divergent views on understanding underlying mechanisms of decision making in pacing. Current pacing literature provides a wide range of aspects that might be involved in the determination of an athlete's pacing strategy, but lacks in explaining how perception and action are coupled in establishing behaviour. In contrast, decision-making literature rooted in the understanding that perception and action are coupled provides refreshing perspectives on explaining the mechanisms that underlie natural interactive behaviour. Contrary to the assumption of behaviour that is managed by a higher-order governor that passively constructs internal representations of the world, an ecological approach is considered. According to this approach, knowledge is rooted in the direct experience of meaningful environmental objects and events in individual environmental processes. To assist a neuropsychological explanation of decision making in exercise regulation, the relevance of the affordance competition hypothesis is explored. By considering pacing as a behavioural expression of continuous decision making, new insights on underlying mechanisms in pacing and optimal performance can be developed.
为了追求最佳表现，运动员和体育锻炼者都必须决定如何以及何时投入精力。配速过程与整个运动过程中运动强度的目标导向调节有关。目前的综述探讨了对理解配速决策背后机制的不同观点。当前的配速文献提供了广泛的方面，这些方面可能涉及运动员配速策略的确定，但缺乏对感知和行动如何结合起来建立行为的解释。相比之下，根植于感知和行动相结合的决策文献为解释潜在机制提供了新的视角，这些机制是自然互动行为的基础。与假设行为由被动地构建世界内部表示的高级监管者管理的假设相反，采用了生态方法。根据这种方法，知识根植于个体环境过程中对有意义的环境对象和事件的直接体验。为了帮助解释运动调节中的决策的神经心理学，探索了可供性竞争假说的相关性。通过将配速视为连续决策的行为表达，可以对配速和最佳表现的潜在机制有新的认识。
