Saeidi Pour R, Freitas Rafael C, Engler M L P D, Edelhoff D, Klaus G, Prandtner O, Berthold M, Liebermann A
Seehofer - Praxis für Zahnmedizin-Implantologie-Kieferorthopädie, Widenmayerstrasse 7, Munich, 80538 Germany.
Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil.
Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2019 Jul;57(6):496-504. doi: 10.1016/j.bjoms.2019.01.021. Epub 2019 May 11.
The timetable for placing a dental implant can be crucial in the reduction of resorption of the socket after an extraction. The association of immediate implantation with an implant that copies the anatomy of the extracted root seems to add benefits in limiting the hard and soft tissue changes that may occur. The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of the historical development of all types of root analogue implants from their beginning to the present day. To our knowledge the first individualised ones were described in 1969. Later, the use of titanium instead of the polymers that were used to start with offered better bony integration, and showed that the selection of materials was a key factor in their success. Root analogue implants made from zirconia were also described when attempts were being made to improve aesthetics in the anterior regions. The more recent introduction of digital technology such as DICOM has allowed the fabrication of these implants in less time, and the combination with digital diagnostic options such as cone-beam computed tomography facilitated the fabrication of some types of implants before extraction that could be inserted immediately into the alveolar socket with optimal and safe 3-dimensional positioning. Currently digital planning allows the clinician to design the ideal implant and abutment, which reduces the need for tissue grafting in the surgical phase and gingival conditioning in the prosthetic phase.
植入牙种植体的时间表对于减少拔牙后牙槽窝的吸收可能至关重要。即刻种植与模仿拔除牙根解剖结构的种植体相结合，似乎在限制可能发生的软硬组织变化方面具有额外益处。本文的目的是概述各类牙根模拟种植体从起源至今的历史发展。据我们所知，最早的个性化牙根模拟种植体于1969年被描述。后来，用钛取代最初使用的聚合物，实现了更好的骨结合，这表明材料的选择是其成功的关键因素。在尝试改善前牙区美观性时，也描述了由氧化锆制成的牙根模拟种植体。最近引入的数字技术，如DICOM，使得这些种植体的制造时间缩短，并且与锥形束计算机断层扫描等数字诊断选项相结合，有助于在拔牙前制造某些类型的种植体，这些种植体可以立即以最佳且安全的三维定位插入牙槽窝。目前，数字规划使临床医生能够设计理想的种植体和基台，这减少了手术阶段组织移植和修复阶段牙龈预处理的需求。
