The Fire within: Cell-Autonomous Mechanisms in Inflammation-Driven Cancer.

Inflammatory cells are important for tumor initiation and promotion, providing cancer cells with cytokines that enhance cell proliferation and survival. Although malignant epithelial cells were traditionally considered to be on the receiving end of these microenvironmental interactions, recent studies show that epithelial cells can undergo inflammatory reprogramming on their own. Such epigenetic switches are often triggered by chronic tissue injury and play important roles in tissue repair. By converting terminally differentiated cells that harbor even a single oncogenic mutation to a less differentiated state with a higher proliferative potential, cell-autonomous inflammation is an important contributor to tumor initiation.