Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine (LOMIN), National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
Chem Soc Rev. 2019 Jun 4;48(11):2967-3014. doi: 10.1039/c8cs00805a.
Brain cancer, especially the most common type of glioblastoma, is highly invasive and known as one of the most devastating and deadly neoplasms. Despite surgical and medical advances, the prognosis for most brain cancer patients remains dismal and the median survival rarely exceeds 16 months. Drug delivery to the brain is significantly hindered by the existence of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), which serves as a protective semi-permeable membrane for the central nervous system. Recent breakthroughs in nanotechnology have yielded multifunctional theranostic nanoplatforms with the ability to cross or bypass the BBB, enabling accurate diagnosis and effective treatment of brain tumours. Herein, we make our efforts to present a comprehensive review on the latest remarkable advances in BBB-crossing nanotechnology, with an emphasis on the judicious design of multifunctional nanoplatforms for effective BBB penetration, efficient tumour accumulation, precise tumour imaging, and significant tumour inhibition of brain cancer. The detailed elucidation of BBB-crossing nanotechnology in this review is anticipated to attract broad interest from researchers in diverse fields to participate in the establishment of powerful BBB-crossing nanoplatforms for highly efficient brain cancer theranostics.
脑癌，特别是最常见的胶质母细胞瘤，具有高度侵袭性，是最具破坏性和致命性的肿瘤之一。尽管手术和医学取得了进步，但大多数脑癌患者的预后仍然不容乐观，中位生存期很少超过 16 个月。血脑屏障（BBB）的存在严重阻碍了药物向大脑的输送，它是中枢神经系统的一种保护性半渗透膜。最近纳米技术的突破产生了具有穿越或绕过 BBB 能力的多功能治疗诊断纳米平台，能够对脑肿瘤进行准确诊断和有效治疗。在此，我们努力对 BBB 穿越纳米技术的最新显著进展进行全面综述，重点介绍多功能纳米平台的合理设计，以实现有效的 BBB 穿透、高效的肿瘤积累、精确的肿瘤成像和显著的脑癌抑制。本综述中对 BBB 穿越纳米技术的详细阐述有望吸引来自不同领域的研究人员广泛关注，共同参与建立高效的脑癌治疗诊断用 BBB 穿越纳米平台。
