Henderson R D
Surg Clin North Am. 1987 Jun;67(3):455-74. doi: 10.1016/s0039-6109(16)44226-x.
Primary esophageal motor disorders are rare, but they respond well to surgery if they are accurately diagnosed and if treatment carefully follows the fundamental principles of management. In the lower esophagus the most important primary disorders are achalasia, diffuse esophageal spasm, and scleroderma. Upper esophageal primary disorders are mostly rare; however, problems of age and neurologic diseases are a significant source of debility, making their management important. Details of investigation and management have been outlined in this article.
原发性食管运动障碍很少见，但如果能准确诊断并严格遵循基本治疗原则进行治疗，手术效果良好。在食管下段，最重要的原发性疾病是贲门失弛缓症、弥漫性食管痉挛和硬皮病。上段食管原发性疾病大多罕见；然而，年龄问题和神经系统疾病是导致身体虚弱的重要原因，因此对其进行治疗很重要。本文概述了相关检查和治疗的细节。
