Lei Y T, Ma J, Hu P J, Dong B, Zhang B, Song Y
Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi. 2019 May 6;53(5):492-496. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0253-9624.2019.05.011.
To describe the current situation of spermarche/menarche of 13 ethnic minority groups in China in 2014, and analyze the association between spermarche/menarche and nutritional status among ethnic minority groups. The sample of 13 ethnic minorities (Bai, Hani, Dai, Lisu, Wa, Naxi, Miao, Shui, Buyi, Dong, Zhuang, Yao and Qiang) from Yunnan, Guizhou, Sichuan province and Guangxi Zhuang autonomous region were selected from Chinese National Survey on Students' Constitution and Healthy of 2014. A total of 25 964 students with completed records of height, weight, spermarche and menarche were selected, including 11 276 boys aged 11-18 years old and 14 688 girls aged 9-18 years old. Probit analysis was used to calculate the median age at spermarche or menarche. All subjects were classification into four nutritional status groups (normal, malnutrition, overweight and obesity) according to the Screening standard for malnutrition of school-age children and adolescents (WS/T 456-2014) and the Screening for overweight and obesity among school-age children and adolescent (WS/T 586-2018) of China. Binary logistic regression was used to analyze the association between spermarche, menarche and nutritional status. The median age at spermarche (95) of 13 ethnic minorities were ranged from 13.4 (13.1, 13.7) years old to 15.3 (15.1, 15.5) years old. In the 11 -year age group, all ethnic girls experienced menarche. The median age at menarche (95) of 13 ethnic minorities were ranged from 12.1 (11.4, 12.7) years old to13.6 (13.4, 13.7) years old. Logistics regression analysis showed that students with malnutrition experienced spermarche or menarche later than normal weight students, the (95) for boys about 0.49 (0.42, 0.56) and girls about 0.15 (0.12, 0.19), while overweight and obese students entered puberty at earlier age, the (95) for boys about 1.37(1.10, 1.72) and girls about 3.21(2.51, 4.12). Boys from 13 ethnic minorities began to have spermatorrhea at the age of 13, and girls from 13 ethnic minorities began menstruating at the age of 9 in 2014. Nutrition status was closely related to spermarche and menarche.
描述2014年中国13个少数民族首次遗精/月经初潮的现状，并分析少数民族首次遗精/月经初潮与营养状况之间的关联。从2014年中国学生体质与健康调研中选取了来自云南、贵州、四川和广西壮族自治区的13个少数民族（白族、哈尼族、傣族、傈僳族、佤族、纳西族、苗族、水族、布依族、侗族、壮族、瑶族和羌族）作为样本。共选取了25964名有完整身高、体重、首次遗精和月经初潮记录的学生，其中包括11276名11 - 18岁的男生和14688名9 - 18岁的女生。采用概率单位分析计算首次遗精或月经初潮的中位年龄。根据中国《学龄儿童青少年营养不良筛查》（WS/T 456 - 2014）和《学龄儿童青少年超重与肥胖筛查》（WS/T 586 - 2018）将所有受试者分为四个营养状况组（正常、营养不良、超重和肥胖）。采用二元logistic回归分析首次遗精、月经初潮与营养状况之间的关联。13个少数民族首次遗精的中位年龄（95%）在13.4（13.1，13.7）岁至15.3（15.1，15.5）岁之间。在11岁年龄组中，所有少数民族女孩都经历了月经初潮。13个少数民族月经初潮的中位年龄（95%）在12.1（11.4，12.7）岁至13.6（13.4，13.7）岁之间。logistic回归分析表明，营养不良的学生比体重正常的学生首次遗精或月经初潮更晚，男生的比值比（95%）约为0.49（0.42，0.56），女生约为0.15（0.12，0.19），而超重和肥胖的学生青春期开始年龄更早，男生的比值比（95%）约为1.37（1.1,1.72），女生约为3.21（2.51，4.12）。2014年，13个少数民族的男生13岁开始遗精，女生9岁开始月经初潮。营养状况与首次遗精和月经初潮密切相关。
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