Chen Y J, Dong Y H, Wang Z H, Yang Z P, Zhao H P, Ma J
Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China.
Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi. 2018 Mar 6;52(3):303-307. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0253-9624.2018.03.016.
To understand the nutritional status among Chinese students of five ethnic minorities aged 7-18 years. Chinese National Survey on Students Constitution and Health in 2014 applied multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling, including 214 354 students from 31 province of China mainland. 73 students whose height or weight information were missing, were excluded. 25 968 minority students aged 7-18 years from Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Jilin Provinces were included for data analysis, including Mongolian (5 107), Hui (5 308), Uygur (5 740), Zhuang (5 267) and Korean (4 546) students. According to the BMI standard of Working Group on Obesity in China (WGOC) and the new students' health standard of Screening Standard for Malnutrition of School-age Children and Adolescents (WS/T 456-2014) , students were defined as wasting, normal weight, overweight and obesity groups and the nutritional status in different minorities and other characteristics was described and analyszed. The prevalences of wasting in Zhuang, Hui, Uygur, Korean and Mongolian students were 6.1% (318/5 267), 5.1% (266/5 308), 3.2% (187/5 740), 2.6% (116/4 546) and 1.3% (65/5 107) in descending order (χ(2)=212.60, 0.001), respectively. The prevalences of overweight in Korean, Mongolian, Hui, Uygur and Zhuang students were 15.2% (686/4 546), 13.1% (669/5 107), 10.3% (549/5 308), 7.8% (446/5 740) and 7.8% (413/5 267) in descending order (χ(2)=220.80, 0.001), respectively. The prevalences of obesity in Korean, Mongolian, Hui, Zhuang and Uygur students were 15.3% (695/4 546), 9.5% (488/5 107), 5.7% (304/5 308), 4.6% (242/5 267) and 3.6% (206/5 740) in descending order (χ(2)=647.02, 0.001), respectively. The prevalences of wasting in Mongolian, Uygur and Korean rural students were 1.7% (44/2 623), 3.9% (113/2 868) and 3.4% (74/2 154), higher than urban students (all values <0.05) which were 0.8% (21/2 484), 2.6% (74/2 872) and 1.8% (42/2 392) in Mongolian, Uygur and Korean students. The prevalence of obesity in Mongolian, Hui, Uygur, Zhuang and Korean urban students were 10.8% (269/2 484), 7.6% (193/2 554), 4.1% (117/2 872), 5.9% (153/2 601) and 16.6% (396/2 392), higher than rural students (all values <0.05) which were 8.3% (219/2 623), 4.0% (111/2 754), 3.1% (89/2 868), 3.3% (89/2 666) and 13.9% (299/2 154) in Mongolian, Hui, Uygur, Zhuang and Korean students. The prevalence of obesity in Hui, Zhuang and Korean boys were 7.2% (188/2 570), 6.0% (157/2 628) and 17.2% (394/2 282), respectively, higher than that of girls which were 4.2% (116/2 738), 3.3% (85/2 639) and 13.3% (301/2 264) (all values <0.05). The prevalence of wasting, overweight and obesity varied by ethnic minorities in mainland China. The prevalence of overweight and obesity appears higher among mongolian and Korean students, while the prevalence of wasting was higher in Zhuang students.
了解中国5个少数民族7-18岁学生的营养状况。2014年中国学生体质与健康调研采用多阶段分层整群随机抽样，纳入中国大陆31个省份的214354名学生。排除身高或体重信息缺失的73名学生。纳入内蒙古自治区、宁夏回族自治区、新疆维吾尔自治区、广西壮族自治区和吉林省的25968名7-18岁少数民族学生进行数据分析，包括蒙古族（5107名）、回族（5308名）、维吾尔族（5740名）、壮族（5267名）和朝鲜族（4546名）学生。根据中国肥胖问题工作组（WGOC）的BMI标准以及《学龄儿童青少年营养不良筛查标准》（WS/T 456-2014）中的学生健康新标准，将学生分为消瘦、正常体重、超重和肥胖组，并描述和分析不同少数民族学生的营养状况及其他特征。壮族、回族、维吾尔族、朝鲜族和蒙古族学生的消瘦患病率依次为6.1%（318/5267）、5.1%（266/5308）、3.2%（187/5740）、2.6%（116/4546）和1.3%（65/5107）（χ²=212.60，P<0.001）。朝鲜族、蒙古族、回族、维吾尔族和壮族学生的超重患病率依次为15.2%（686/4546）、13.1%（669/5107）、10.3%（549/5308）、7.8%（446/5740）和7.8%（413/5267）（χ²=220.80，P<0.001）。朝鲜族、蒙古族、回族、壮族和维吾尔族学生的肥胖患病率依次为15.3%（695/4546）、9.5%（488/5107）、5.7%（304/5308）、4.6%（242/5267）和3.6%（206/5740）（χ²=647.02，P<0.001）。蒙古族、维吾尔族和朝鲜族农村学生的消瘦患病率分别为1.7%（44/2623）、3.9%（113/2868）和3.4%（74/2154），高于城市学生（均P<0.由05），蒙古族、维吾尔族和朝鲜族城市学生的消瘦患病率分别为0.8%（21/2484）、2.6%（74/2872）和1.8%（42/2392）。蒙古族、回族、维吾尔族、壮族和朝鲜族城市学生的肥胖患病率分别为10.8%（269/2484）、7.6%（193/2554）、4.1%（117/2872）、5.9%（153/2601）和16.6%（396/2392），高于农村学生（均P<0.05），蒙古族、回族、维吾尔族、壮族和朝鲜族农村学生的肥胖患病率分别为8.3%（219/2623）、4.0%（111/2754）、3.1%（89/2868）、3.3%（89/2666）和13.9%（299/2154）。回族、壮族和朝鲜族男生的肥胖患病率分别为7.2%（188/2570）、6.0%（157/2628）和17.2%（394/2282），高于女生，女生的肥胖患病率分别为4.2%（116/2738）、3.3%（(85/2639）和13.3%（301/2264）（均P<0.05）。中国大陆不同少数民族学生的消瘦、超重和肥胖患病率存在差异。蒙古族和朝鲜族学生的超重和肥胖患病率较高，而壮族学生的消瘦患病率较高。
