J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2019 Nov;49(11):779-786. doi: 10.2519/jospt.2019.8760. Epub 2019 May 15.
Cervical musculoskeletal and neuromuscular attributes, which may vary between men and women, influence an individual's capacity to stabilize the head.
To examine sex differences in cervical musculoskeletal and neuromuscular attributes and their impact on head stability. The secondary objective was to examine the effects of anticipation and preload on head kinematics.
Thirty-four (20 men, 14 women) recreationally active adult athletes completed a perturbation protocol with anticipation and preloading conditions in this descriptive cross-sectional study. We assessed the neuromuscular response of the sternocleidomastoid to perturbation and head kinematics. We measured neck girth, sternocleidomastoid physiological cross-sectional area, and isometric strength.
Women had smaller neck girth, smaller sternocleidomastoid physiological cross-sectional area, and lower isometric strength than men. Women had greater baseline electromyography (EMG) amplitude and greater peak EMG response than men. There were no sex differences in sternocleidomastoid onset latency or head kinematics. Women had a greater increase in baseline EMG amplitude after preloading and anticipated conditions. Preloading attenuated sex differences in muscle onset latency. Across the sexes, there was a significant main effect of anticipation on head kinematics.
Men and women used different strategies to stabilize the head, and responded differently to the preloading and anticipation conditions. .
颈椎肌肉骨骼和神经肌肉属性可能因性别而异，这些属性会影响个体稳定头部的能力。
研究颈椎肌肉骨骼和神经肌肉属性的性别差异及其对头部稳定性的影响。次要目的是研究预期和预加载对头部运动学的影响。
在这项描述性的横断面研究中，34 名（20 名男性，14 名女性）有休闲运动习惯的成年运动员完成了一个带有预期和预加载条件的扰动方案。我们评估了胸锁乳突肌对扰动的神经肌肉反应和头部运动学。我们测量了颈部周长、胸锁乳突肌生理横截面积和等长力量。
女性的颈部周长、胸锁乳突肌生理横截面积和等长力量均小于男性。女性的基线肌电图（EMG）幅度和峰值 EMG 反应均大于男性。胸锁乳突肌起始潜伏期和头部运动学无性别差异。女性在预加载和预期条件下基线 EMG 幅度增加更大。预加载减弱了肌肉起始潜伏期的性别差异。在所有性别中，预期对头部运动学有显著的主要影响。
男性和女性使用不同的策略来稳定头部，并且对预加载和预期条件的反应不同。
